Characteristics Of Culture In Kenya - 1896 Words

Kenya is located in southern Africa and included as one of countries in the Horn of Africa. The word Kenya brings to mind African safaris with elephants, giraffes, lions, tigers, and rhinoceros roaming the Serengeti with the sun setting on the horizon, great running athletes, beautifully carved masks, and ethnic people dressed in bright costumes while engaged in chants and dance to the beat of African drums. It presents itself as picturesque, happy, peaceful, and one can almost hear the music from The Lion King. Some of that is very true; however, Kenya has some complex interactions taking place and some challenges to overcome. Culture defines itself as the beliefs, customs, and traditions which form as different groups interact and are†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Maasai and Samburu have remained two of the few cohesive and culturally authentic ethnic tribes of Kenya† and have resisted any type of modernization (Kenya tribes 2015). These two tribes, in particular, attract tourists because of their authenticity. In Kenya, there are many different tribes, each with different beliefs and cultural values (Guide to Kenya - etiquette, customs,culture, and business, 2014). In order to flourish as a nation, all of these various tribes with their own set of traditions and values are brought together, or integrated, â€Å"to form a new, multicultural society† (What does integration mean and why is it important, 2010). The symbolism of Kenya lies in the power of its flag. The flag represents unity among the people of the country and strength as a whole. The Kenyan flag has three horizontal stripes - red, black and green – separated by thin white bands. The black symbolizes the people of Kenya, the red stands for the blood shed in the fight for independence, and the green symbolizes agriculture. In the center of the flag is a red shield with black and white markings and two crossed spears, which stands for vigilance in the defense of freedom. (Stanford, 2006) Kenya is situated in East Africa where the equator bisects the country and is â€Å"bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Culture On Diversity Management Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pageschapter outlines the effects of culture on diversity management in organizations in Kenya. Secondly, it highlights the literature related factors that affect culture and in turn diversity management in organizations in Kenya such as technology, level of skilled workers, policies enforced by organizations in Kenya, and the level of resources available to them. The chapter also analysed literature related to other aspects that effect diversity management in organizations in Kenya. 2.2 To determine the extentRead MoreCulture And Identity : What Makes A Person Who They Are1351 Words   |  6 PagesCulture and identity could have numerous diverse definitions due to its nature of being â€Å"a composite of multiple integrated identities† (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel Roy, 2013, p. 216). As most would agree, culture is what makes a person who they are. The distinct relationship between identity and culture is one where they co-exist and correlate with one another. It is the assured characteristic that belongs to a person which makes them different from everyone else in the world. Like a gene, it distinctivelyRead MoreCulture Is Not Born Without Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A culture is not born without a society. A society describes a group of people who occupy a particular territory, thus through this interaction a culture is born. Therefore, culture is a group worldview; it is the way a particular society makes sense of themselves, their world and their experiences in that world. Moreover, a culture describes a set of behaviors that characterize or distinguish a set of people; therefore at the core, culture constitutes of beliefs, values and cultures. AdditionallyRead MoreDifference Between Formal And Informal Imperialism1721 Words   |  7 Pagesin place of the crown. For example, Kenya was directly administered by foreign administrators handpicked back in Britain to govern the country in the place of the crown. Apart from that, formal imperialism could be identified to be in a situation where one country applies direct control on another territory. Normally, the country exerting power would declare the other country as a protectorate . An example of this type of control is where the British ruled Kenya and India as its protectorate. DifferentRead MoreDeveloping A Country s Culture1783 Words   |  8 PagesKenya has a vast and diverse population all encompassing a rich variety of cultures and subcultures. The Army defines culture as â€Å"the learned and shared behaviors and perceptions of a group which have been transmitted from generations to generations through a shared symbol system† (QuinStreet Inc.) Developing a country’s culture happens through many years of subcultures combining into a common belief system ultimately providing an overall culture of the country. The definition of subculture is â€Å"aRead MoreEssay on Death and the Kings Horseman and A Grain of Wheat1 186 Words   |  5 Pageshave no respect for what you do not understand† (Soyinka, 2002: 41). This is an interesting point of departure as to whether the happenings of the text are agreeable or disagreeable. The first standpoint is the thorny issue of suicide in African culture. The ceremony is that of a social process. Elesin wishes to perform this act not for personal gain, but as a social experience that will involve his fellow countrymen as it is his duty to do so. The second standpoint is that of suicide from a WesternRead MoreSexual Identity And Gender Roles Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pages Cultures usually differ in nature and intensity of how the sexes, gender, gender roles and gender stereotypes are differentiated. Before we get to understand how they are differentiated, it s good to first understand the meaning of each term. Sex is the biological and physiological differences between men and women, sex roles are the behaviours and patterns of activities that the men and women may engage in which are directly related to their biological differences while gender are theRead MoreThe Importance Of Establishing The Compliance Of Amisom With International Laws Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems that have faced Somalia has been clans. Somalia is one of very few countries that speaks one language, has a single popular religion, and people with the same culture. With such a homogenous population, one would be quick to suppose that there is harmony. This has never been the case and the dividing demographic characteristic is one’s clan. There are currently four main clans which are spread widely across the country. These clans are Darod, Hawiye, Isaaq, and Dir. The battle for politicalRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of American and Kenyan Cultures790 Words   |  3 Pagesand Success: A Comparative Analysis of American and Kenyan Cultures In the history of human societies, geographic differences are considered to be a factor that led to different lifestyles, values and beliefs that prevailed and have been the distinct characteristic of specific societies in the world today. From a broader viewpoint, it can be said that Asian cultures differ from North American, European, South American, and African cultures. However, it can also be said that there are similaritiesRead MoreThe Dutch Flower Cluster1382 Words   |  6 Pagesratio    of    domestic    credit    provided   by   banking   sector   at   196%   of   GDP   as   compared   to   126%   in   Germany,   43%    in   Colombia,   17%   in   Ecuador,   and   40%   Kenya;    †¢ Per   capita   consumption   of   cut   flowers   in   The   Netherlands   was   the   third   highest   in    the   world.       Figure- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 1   GDP   Per   Capita   1990- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 2008   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   The   Netherlands

Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease - 810 Words

Alzheimer’s disease As the world becomes more happy and joyful, people haven’t stepped into the world of Alzheimer’s yet. Just imagine losing your ability to do normal things you do every day and then you can’t do them anymore. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia that causes changes and differences in memory, behavior, and how the person’s brain works. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s worsen over time. (Alzheimer’s Association 2015). All of the family members will be affected if one person gets this disease. This is disease is ranking sixth for the leading cause of death in the US; this is how bad it is. This disease is very common in the USA. The stages of this disease can be very graphic and sometimes extremely disturbing for the family. Ultimately people that have Alzheimer’s usually die from the disease. (National Institute of Health 2015). People with Alzheimer’s are diagnosed with brain scans such as a MRI or CT sca n. When someone has Alzheimer’s they can’t stop or get rid of it. When someone first gets diagnosed with Alzheimer disease they usually forget small things like an item on their grocery list or to finish something at home which they didn’t get a chance to finish at work. This is the earliest stage. In the middle stage people start to forget things like where they are supposed to be driving, forgetting short time friends, where you usually go for coffee, or what your house/apt number is. In the last/most severe stage is when many people die. People that areShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1642 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder when brain cells degenerate and die. Alzheimer’s dieses destroys the patient’s memory within time. The mental functions of the brain also get destroyed when a person gets Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease is most commonly seen when the patient is sixty to seventy years old. In this research paper the reader will learn about the signs and symptoms, causes, course of disease, outcome and secondary diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and survivalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease930 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Kevin Arnold from the Wonder Years said â€Å"Memory is a way of holding on to the things you love, the things you are, and the things never want to lose.† Memories are the things that are upheld, whether good or bad, those memories are imprinted in the mind and cannot be taken away that is, until later in life. As one ages it is natural for some memories to fade. Loss of memories and brain function deficits that occur and are not from normal aging may indicate a person is sufferingRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease715 Words   |  3 PagesAlzheimer’s disease has long been considered as a irremediable illness for old people. According to the data collected by Alzheimer s Association(2016), the overall 5.4 million American suffers from Alzheimer s disease, and this population is growing in a certain rate for majority of this population aged 65 and up. Identify possible Alzheimer’s symptom could be rather difficult because people are lack of the awareness of their implicit illness, which later contribute to the Alzheimer s disease. AlsoRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1006 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a severe illness that affects the brain and leads to gradual memory loss, reduced intellectual ability and deterioration function of thinking. Alzheimer s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive neurological disorder that increasingly robs individuals of cognitive, behavioral, and functional skills (Demakis, 2007). The reason for the appearance this disease is a collection of disorders in the brain due to which its cells are dying partially. In theRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease2043 Words   |  9 PagesAlzheimer’s disease. It took an emotional toll on me and my family members. I believe Alzheimer is much harder on me and my loved ones than on my grandfather; because he was unaware of what was going on. It’s painful watching my grandfather degrade and get worse each and every day. The worst thing is that he doesn’t even know who I am anymore. In this paper I will discuss certain risk factors, background of Alzheimer’s, Background of Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease was first identifiedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease2374 Words   |  10 PagesAs a society, we are constantly faced with negative news about different diseases and genetic disorders. One genetic disorder that has affected the lives of many is, Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia that affects and causes problems with thinking, behavior and memory. Most of the time, symptoms of Alzheimer’s develop slowly and progress and worsen over time. Eventually the symptoms become severe enough that they begin to interfere with normal and daily tasksRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease3214 Words   |  13 Pages NEU ID: 001983161 Donepezil and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1907, is the most common form of dementia. The early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease is having difficulty in remembering recent events. At the advanced stage, the signs and symptoms of AD include: memory loss, confusion, trouble concentrating, frustration, irritability difficulty in saying, difficultyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthey age and the various experiences they go through. One of the most common diseases among older people is dementia. Among the different types of dementia, the most prevalent one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is important to look at all of the signs and symptoms of each type of dementia to see which specific type best describes a person’s condition. There is one patient in particular, Betty, who has many signs and symptoms related to dementia. Betty is a 65-year old woman who has dementia runningRead MoreSy mptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1063 Words   |  5 Pageshelp the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, many of these treat the symptoms but not the cause. One specific medication, cholinesterase inhibitors is not fully understood but it is believed to help decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (About Alzheimer s Disease: Treatment, n.d.). Cholinesterase is both beneficial in it’s aid in treatment and not— this medicine over time causes neurons not to produce as much acetylcholine (About Alzheimer s Disease: Treatment, n.d.). This drug worksRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1222 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Alzheimer’s is a disease that attacks the brain and can result in brain death. This disease is chronic and lately a lot of elderly are being diagnosed with it. Alzheimer’s disease can be referred to as a silent killer because once a person gets the diagnosis, they will have it permanently. Alzheimer’s Patients have a decreased short-term memory; this can result with the onset of confusion. At times, families with loved ones that encounter this disease usually have to change their lifestyle

Evidence Based Human Resource Management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Evidence Based Human Resource Management. Answer: Evidence Based HRM: Evidence based human resource management is about undertaking decisions within organization by utilizing four different sources of information in a clear, meticulous and judicious way. Evidence from local context, judgement and expertise of practitioner, specific perspective who are likely to be impacted by such judgement and analytical assessment of suggestion from existing research are the four sources of information. it has been ascertained that practices of human resources are based on evidence that is regarded as the procedures for engaging in several interventions of human resource and analytically detecting the approaches used. Decision making in organization are uphold by availability of best available substantiation in the form of evidence based human resource management (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Since such HRM practice helps in promotion of different empirical scholarship in human resource field, such practice is considered crucial to organization. Moreover, it also helps in propagation of applied and realistic research. HR practices that are based on evidence help in arriving at decisions having qualitative opinions and such knowledge being utilized by professionals. Such approach to HRM can be found primarily in data analytics, existing information and statistical data within the business enterprise. Such analytical approach contributes to decision making by improving human resource potential (Bratton Gold, 2017). Strategic evaluation of HR functions in CERA: In this particular section, two internet sources are analyzed for validating Israel Tobin in persuading Mark French concerning strategic value of essential functions of HR in CERA. In the given scenario, the human resource manager at CERA is Israel Tobin who is required to pitch Mark French who is CEO and founding director of CERA in relation to the process and design of human resource planning. One of the articles is extracted from human resource today titled, The Rise of the People Strategy Platform. Another article that is extracted from Forbes is titled, What should HR Leaders focus on in 2016 that depicts different ways involved in acquisition of best strategic function of HR in business enterprise (Forbes Welcome 2017). However, the founding director of CERA has set strategic choices and clear goal for organization. Hence, in this regard, it is required by Israel Tobin to provide innovativeness in work and engineering design along with delivering high contact service placement by carrying out distinction in the current market. Moreover, it is crucial for team to be proactive in several developments occurring in environment of external business (Purce, 2014). However, the presentation of Mark French was the main reason for facing difficulties in handling the workforce planning process by Israel Tobin. Therefore, Tobin decided to carry out workforce management process by different informal canvassing of numbers of industry in association with prospect analysis of people who are working at CERA. Moreover, Tobin also presents activities and standpoints to Mark French that poor communications need to maintained for meeting managers requirement. Interest on CERA developed further following the discussion with Kellie Lincoln since she was well acquainted with demand figures and can well understand business concern. Evaluation of two sources using CRAP test: CRAP test is the test that is used for resource evaluation on any specific criteria such as reliability or dependability, currency, viewpoint, purpose and authority. Nonetheless, test is used for evaluating the two sources of information. In addition to this, CRAP test can also be used for interpreting the effects as well as cause of any information or news relating to executive team of CERA about its strategic value function (Purce, 2014). Analysing the articles extracted from human resource today and Forbes using CRAP test. Analysis of article The Rise of the People Strategy Platform: Currency- The article The Rise of the People Strategy Platform was published on Human resource today on 7th March, 2017. Authority- Visier has declared the current article that presents different situations or conditions in different of business environment. Professionals of human resources are provided with supreme opportunity in generating value to business. Reliability- The article informs the business concerns about future of human resource management of organization by observing latest trend. Moreover, this particular article provides Israel Tobin with reliable information in appropriate data presentation to Mark French (Sparrow et al., 2016). Point of view- The largest sized business is the target audience that hinges on people strategy for discussing on human resource future practice. Furthermore, Israel Tobin also anticipates the necessity of potentiality of environmental engineering. It was directed by Tobin that there is required for organization to become smart when performing sophisticated assessment of environment of organization (Human Resources Today, 2017). Analysis of article What should HR Leaders focus on in 2016 extracted from Forbes: Currency- What should HR Leaders focus on in 2016 has been extracted from Forbes that was declared on February 2016. This particular piece of information provided guidance to Israel Tobin as it contains pertinent information about the then functioning of HR in strategic terms. Such information helped foundation direction to come with the introduction of HR as strategic value function at CERA (Storey, 2014). Authority- The information presented in the article was written by an individual having expertise and delivering opinions. However, the fact that needs to be developed and re designed is the human resource objectives helping in assimilation of such information. in general, planning of human resource is directly associated with entire business enterprises objectives. Reliability- Such news article was declared by Edward E. Lawler III and provides secondary sources of information to business. However, peer has not reviewed the information that is cited in the article. Such information presented in the article acts as a useful information and are balanced. Point of view- Business concerns is particularly the target audience as depicted in the article as such information helps in bringing change workforce planning process. Conclusions: From the analysis of above facts, it can be concluded that entire team of CERA was well positioned and Israel Tobin being confident about the challenges they would face whilst planning for different departments. However, there was no likelihood that there would be misbalance between demands and supply as there is expert team in each small divisions. Therefore, it can be inferred from the analysis that the crucial factor for the development of CERA work plan would require making investment in time as well as efforts. Israel involved in several discussion sessions and different meetings for development of ways for viewing several processing at CERA Corporation. Tobin identified four ways for initiating processing at the corporation of company. Accumulation of pertinent market data on given scenario is the first step in processing. Workshop conduction with different managers of division is the second way ascertained by Tobin. Ways were also developed for translating the demand into vari ed functioning of staffs. All such steps involved generation of skills along demographics of specific staffing functioning and inventory management. The final way that was ascertained by Tobin is assessing the strategic value functioning of HR and conducting the gap analysis at CERA. Therefore, it can be concluded that extraction of information from such article using CRAP test provided many qualitative information to business concerns and thereby helping human resource managers in conducting their activities. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2017).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Cascio, W. (2018).Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Forbes Welcome. (2017).Forbes.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/edwardlawler/2016/02/04/what-should-hr-leaders-focus-on-in-2016/#157df62348c7 Human Resources Today. (2017).Humanresourcestoday.com. Retrieved 11 March 2017, from https://www.humanresourcestoday.com/ Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.

Why Were Buffalo so Important to the Plains Indians. free essay sample

Why were Buffalo so important to the Plains Indians? Plains Indians became totally dependent on the Buffalo for their existence and It provided them with food, shelter, tools, entertainment and clothing. The Plains Indians became traveling hunters because the Buffalo moved to deferent places and the Indians followed the vast herds that covered the Plains. Until the arrival of the horse, the Native Americans hunted on foot.As they followed the Buffalo killed as any animals as possible for the leaner times and during winter when game was not as plentiful. The Plains Indian found many uses for the Buffalo. They would use the horns as building tools, arrow straightens, cups and ladles. The Intestines of a Buffalo would be used as buckets usually for holding water and cooking vessels. The skulls were used for religious ceremonies. The bones would make arrowheads, dice, jewelry, paintbrushes and other tools.The tongue could be used as a hairbrush or It loud be eaten raw as it was considered a delicacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Were Buffalo so Important to the Plains Indians. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The fur would be used for pillow stuffing mittens and rope. The tanned hide was one of the greatest uses of the Buffalo. It could be used for bedding, blankets, clothes, childrens dolls, drums, saddles and tip covers. A tip cover would be durable and last a long time. The heart of a bull would be cut and left on the ground or eaten as it was said you would get the strength of a buffalo.The meat was cooked or preserved and the dung was used or fuel or smoked in ceremonies. Since the plains people used buffalo for such a large number of uses, they heavily relied on the buffalo, so when the buffalo started disappearing, the plains people lost a major resource. The American Indian almost disappeared with the buffalo when less than a thousand buffalo were left by the turn of the 20th century. The Plains Indians had developed their cultures, communities and way of life around the buffalo.

How to Write a Nursing Research Critique Paper

How to Write a Nursing Research Critique Paper While writing a Nursing critique paper, attention should be paid to the qualitative and quantitative figures in the findings, in order to analyze the context of such findings. This aspect of critiquing nursing research is crucial, in that it enables nurses to provide the highest quality care to their patients. There are various approaches used in the critique of a nursing article. For instance, the best approach requires an individual to begin with an introduction where the purpose of critiquing such an article is stated. They then state the job together with other details of the author of the nursing study. This is done in order to prove whether, or not, the given author has credibility in the nursing world. The next step followed in writing a nursing critique paper is commenting on the title of the article. This gives a clear outline of the topic, depending on whether it properly characterizes and covers the presented content, together with the subject matter. This step could also include details on whether the presented research is supporting a particular need in the health sector. If such an article is able to meet the key points stated above, then it will make a high quality nursing document. The third step followed, in order to write a good nursing critique paper, is ensuring that all the stated case studies have participants with great records and achievements in the medical sector. The other step that is followed, in this case, includes judging the abstract on the basis of whether it is sufficient for the research paper presented. In the absence of an introduction in the research document, observe whether the literature review presented serves the purpose of an introduction. Generally, different procedures could be used in order to analyze and separate a quality nursing critique paper from one of poor quality. This is because various nursing research papers differ from the others, depending on how a particular nurse participated in the research. This, then, determines the quality of output such an individual can present. Nursing critique is crucial in that it improves the overall working of the medical sector, where various nurses struggle to attain excellent nursing research papers. You can also make use of ordering the  Nursing research critique paper online. This will greatly save your time and money, once you place the order at the official web-site of a custom writing agency. What is more, the complete privacy of your ordering process is guaranteed by the company – they will never disclose your name and address to your tutors, or parents. Do not hesitate and order professional written help with your papers online, right now, to benefit from the competency of eminent writers.

The Haber Process Essays - Industrial Gases, Equilibrium Chemistry

The Haber Process Essays - Industrial Gases, Equilibrium Chemistry The Haber Process 1. The Haber Process During the first decade of the twentieth century the world-wide demand for ammonia for use in fertilisers (in the form of nitrates) and in the production of explosives for use in mining and warfare could only be satisfied on a large scale from deposits of guano in Chile (2). Though this deposit was of huge size (approximately five feet thick and 385 kilometres long) it represented a rapidly depleting resource when compared to world-wide demand. As a result of this there was much research into how ammonia could be produced from atmospheric nitrogen. The problem was eventually solved by Fritz Haber (1868 - 1934) in a process which came to be known as the Haber Process or the Haber - Bosch Process. Haber developed a method for synthesising ammonia utilising atmospheric nitrogen and had established the conditions for large scale synthesis of ammonia by 1909 and the process was handed over to Carl Bosch for industrial development (1). the reaction is a simple equilibrium reaction which occurs in gaseous state as follows; N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) heat of enthalpy = -92.6 kJ/mol In predicting how to obtain the highest yield from this reaction we must refer to Le Chatlier's Principle. This states that for an equilibrium reaction the equilibrium will work in the opposite direction to the conditions forced upon it. The conditions most pertinent to the above reaction are temperature and pressure. The pressure exerted by any gas or mixture of gasses in an enclosed space is directly proportional to the number of atoms or molecules of gas regardless of their size or molecular mass. Reference to the above reaction shows that, as the reaction moves to the right the number of molecules and hence the pressure decreases. Therefore the reaction moving to the right (i.e. towards the product required) is favoured by an increase in pressure. With regard to temperature, the reaction moving to the right is exothermic i.e. it gives off energy (in the form of heat). Therefore reference to Le Chatlier's Principle shows that the reaction to the right is favoured by low temperatures. However, when Haber placed the reactants together under these conditions it was shown that the rate of reaction was so slow as to render the process unfeasible as an industrial process. This is because of an unusually high activation energy. The activation energy of a reaction is the energy required by the reactants to achieve an intermediate state required before they form the products. In the case of the above reaction the intermediate state requires the dissociation of diatomic gaseous nitrogen. The triple bond found between two nitrogen atoms when they form diatomic nitrogen is amongst the strongest chemical bonds known. this leads to an extremely high activation energy. At extremely high temperature the nitrogen molecule will dissociate and so, as the temperature approaches this point the rate at which the reaction to the right occurs and therefore the speed with which equilibrium is reached increases rapidly. Unfortunately experimentation showed that, as temperature approached the point at which the speed of the reaction was sufficient to produce a viable reaction the amount of ammonia produced was so low that the reaction was still unfeasible on as an industrial process. Faced with this failure to find conditions suitable for an industrial process Haber began to experiment to find a catalyst that would facilitate the reaction. A catalyst is a substance that reduces the activation energy of a reaction, thus increasing the speed at which the reaction occurs, or in the case of equilibrium reactions the speed at which equilibrium is reached. After hundreds of experiments Haber discovered that a fast enough reaction with a high enough yield of ammonia would occur with a pressure between 200 and 400 atmospheres and at a temperature between 670K and 920K in the presence of a catalyst of iron (in the form of iron filings to increase its active surface area) plus a few percent of oxides of potassium and aluminium. This process was first demonstrated in 1909 and patented as the Haber Process in 1910 (3). Experiments aimed at finding the most efficient conditions for the reaction have since resulted in the process described by the flow diagram

Raise or Lower Tuition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Raise or Lower Tuition - Essay Example On that note, we are going to comprehensively study the ways in which this institution can generate more income, for instance through the increase of tuition fees among other strategies that need to be undertaken in a bid to achieve this goal. Evidently, another way in which in the nobody state university can raise its income is through the reviewing of some of the mechanisms that involved in the enrolling of students into the institution. Notably, in the study of the manners in which institutions of higher learning can increase revenue, it is essential to discuss on the enrollment exercise since the major earner of capital in this line of business is largely dependent on the number of individuals that enroll in the particular institution which in this case is the nobody state university. Consequently, in the subsequent sections we are going to highlight some of the ways that revenue can be increased in this institution giving account of the impact they will have in the institution a s whole. Will an increase in the tuition fee automatically contribute to an increase in revenue? From a literal point of view, a rise in the tuition fees will result in the increase in the revenue in the institution of higher learning; nobody state university. ... Thus, in the case of lower population, the capital generated may not be as pleasant. On the other hand, high tuition fees may cause huge loses. On a similar theme, if the tuition fees are raised by significantly with comparison to other educational institution, the enrolment rates will drop and as a result the revenue collected will be less. Furthermore, with high tuition fees many students who are enrolled may opt out in search of other institutions that offer favorable fee structures and therefore it follows that huge revenue loses will be recorded. Although, an increase in tuition requires an increase in revenue generation, it is essential to monitor the margin of the rise to avoid exploitation of the individuals in the educational institution; students who are the major earner of capital. Describe conditions under which the revenue will rise? Apparently, one of the most logical approaches to increase the revenue of nobody state university, is the incorporation of business strateg ies founded on the principle of unit elastic demand. On that note, this business principle postulates that, a change in the price of a commodity results into an equal change in the quantity demanded for. In this case, incorporation of this business strategy into the education institution requires that, an increase in the tuition fee will consequently lead to the increase in the revenue collected since the enrolment rate will increase due to an increase in the demand for the educational services. On the same note, the rise in revenue will be attributed to the increase in the student population. Describe conditions under which the revenue will fall? The revenue collected

Wausau Paper Comapny Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wausau Comapny - Research Paper Example Further, the company managed to grow and expand throughout America making it even more determined to meet customer needs and environmental protection and sustainable production requirements. Termed as the leading paper industry in the U.S., Wausau Paper Industry was founded in the year 1899 as among the first paper industry to be on the Wisconsin River. The individuals who played a part in laying its foundation included personnel such as the brothers E.A and W.L. Edmonds and Norman H. Brokaw under the name Wausau Paper Mills. It has grown substantially from the first mill to the current ten production plants. It was among the first industries to be in North America (WausauPaper, 2015). Later in the year after 1910 it was renamed Mosinee Paper Mills after the establishment of the first integrated mill in the region. This followed the construction of the Wausau Sulphate Fibre Company in Mosinee, Wisconsin. In the year 1928, the firm bought another company, Bay West. Bay West had been in the production of paper napkins among other products such as paper towels and creped papers. The above was made in its efforts to expand its production and the market as well (WausauPaper, 2015). More capital was pumped in during the years 1958 and 1961. As a result of the money, the industry was expanded making the company produce more of its products. The expansion process did not stop there as in the year 1966 there was the purchase of another company, the Nekoosa Edwards Special Products Business. Consequently, its name was changed to Mosinee Paper Corporation four years later (Content, 2013). The company continued to grow further introducing more products to its line. As time went by, there was more market for the products leading to the acquisition of more plants in the Northeast to meet the demand for its products. In the year 1997 there

Narcissism Essay Essay Example for Free

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Genetic Modified Foods Essay -- GMOs, Genetically Modified Crops

Genetic modification of organisms in general is a biotechnological process that forces genes to behave according to certain characteristics. Changing characteristics of organisms is based on changing their DNA (tech deoxyribonucleic acid; the acid which carries genetic information in a cell). It is being used for modifying genes in plants, animals or micro-organisms. It is being also used especially with food in order to improve the nutritious quality, make less use of chemicals such as pesticides, which proved to be extremely harmful, and sometimes to add flavour. Genetically modified food (GMF) is considered one of the modern production improvements and the largest food experiments in the world’s history. However, it is very vital to dispel misconception about the nature of food. GMF is a mixed blessing which has a lot of benefits but at the same time may arouse problems. It has many good aspects, such as making plants ripen faster, improving the specie’s taste and look, and providing Third World countries with healthier and cheaper food. Genetic modification of food has won the admiration of a lot of people, including myself, because of its new and attractive accomplishments, but at the same time we should take into consideration its disadvantages and try to find ways to avoid them. Genetically modified foodstuffs have several disadvantages which I believe are possibly avoidable through research and experiments. Most of the time, the sale of GMFs is being permitted without posing the risks and without informing the public with the possible danger. This of course is a violation of human rights which can Nagi2 easily be avoided by simply informing consumers of the characteristics of the product. When genetic engineers insert new genes into any organism, it can lead to disruption and unpredictable changes in the pattern and structure of the new genetic function. "In fact, the process of inserting genes is quite random and can damage normal genes " (Genetic Engineered Food - A Serious Health Risk 3). Therefore, harmful substances may appear unexpectedly and can possibly create viruses and new dangerous diseases. Therefore, it is the obligation of experts to examine GM products before making them available to the publi... ...d not avoid rice because of that." (Maryanski 3). So, vegetarians should feel safe when eating GMF. The conclusion to be drawn from the above is that GMF in one of the modern production improvements and the largest food experiment in the history of the world. Its appearance has been very sudden. Now, a very rapidly growing number of it is being introduced. Maybe in a few years it may be almost impossible to find natural food. No doubt, any dangerous food production through genetic engineering should be banned until scientifically shown that it is safe for everyone. In the meantime, labelling is required foe any foodstuff that contains genetically engineered ingredients, and any risk that could harm the environment should be banned. It has to be acknowledged that GMF is one of the best production that have emerged in our century. Hopefully, in the future, it will not have any side effects, and be healthier than the current natural food. Containing all the Vitamins and nutrition that we need. We have to put in mind that if people knew all it advantages, they will surely get convinced with the idea of producing GMF.

Private Sector Approaches Essay

Since the advent of new public management reforms, private sector managerial approaches are fast gaining attention in various public sectors. This is due to the belief that on-going global economic constraints and fiscal crises are demanding for more organisational effectiveness with minimal cost, and private sector practices are believed to be more efficient than its public sector counterpart. It is within this context that human resource management practices are being transferred into the public sector for better performance. However, several literatures have debated the numerous differences between the public and private sector and often concluded that effectiveness of privately transferred human resource practices into the public sector are likely to be strained (Rainey et. al., 1976). One argument is that public sector goals as opposed to its private counterpart, are unclear and intangible and therefore, outcome becomes difficult to measure towards performance. Moreover it is also argued that public sector workers are inherently motivated and as such cannot be monetarily motivated towards performance. Also, managers in the public sectors are often argued to have limited autonomy posed by politicians leading to a strain on the performance process. And finally, the constant financial deficit in the public sector has also been argued to limit its performance and reward systems. The case of the NHS as a public sector in the UK will be used to answer the above question. It will first start with a brief description of the NHS, and then provide an overview of what human resource management means and what its practices are. The effects of these practices (performance management, appraisals, and rewards) would then be reviewed in specific NHS examples in relation to the contrasting public environmental differences. Overall, due to the overwhelming literature demonstrating the ineffectiveness of HRM practices in the NHS or rather the inability of HRM and supporting studies empirically demonstrating the link between HRM practices and performance, this essay holds the opinion that the private sector practices of HRM should not be directly transferred into the public sector or at least should be cautiously transferred in its adaptation into the public sector. THE NHS The UK NHS was created for a comprehensive (quality), universal (equity) and free health delivery at its point of use. The search for effective delivery of services in the UK NHS prompted the NHS marketisation via the 1990 NHS and community care act. Markets divided the purchasing power from the providing power of health services thereby making Trusts (self-governing hospital) accountable for their performances. Perhaps, this division occurred because the effective management of human resources out of many other organisational assets was widely viewed as a better tool to address financial crises via organisational performance improvement (Huselid, 1995). HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Due to the rapid rise of considerable interest in Human resource management over the last decade, there has been varying definition ascribed to its definition. This essay agrees with the Harvard definition in which Human resource management is viewed to encompass all managerial decisions that influences the relationship between the human resources of an organisation (it’s employees) and the organisation itself (Beer et. al., 1985, p. 1). Though, its practices have been grouped into various models, it is beyond the scope of this essay to discuss them. However, the general concept of its practices can be understood as the use of various strategies which includes amongst many others, performance management, appraisals and reward to effectively manage employee attitudes towards the organisation’s goal and performance (Armstrong, 2002, p. 3). PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Performance management and appraisal as described by Bratton and Gold (2007, p. 274) is a process used to assess a team or individual’s abilities towards performance development and improvement. This process involves setting a goal towards an outcome, monitoring and evaluating via performance indicators, and rewards as well as penalties as the case may be. However, in the public sector, arguments have ensued that performance management often contradicts the blue print of public services or is rather strategically used by politicians to assert some form of control over the sectors and not to perform its intended purpose. Performance indicators albeit is fast becoming popular both in the public and private sectors, has a measurability often argued to be complex in the public sector as opposed to the private sector where only monetary values and profits are measured. Even though, the ultimate goal of this HR tool is to drive performance either in the private or public sector, the role of targets in the public sector is often debated as many studies have demonstrated their obscurity by questioning whether ratings or indicators can actually measure performance accurately. However, over the last decades, some studies have agreed that HRM tools have to a certain extent a drive on organisational performance both in the public and private sectors (Carter and Robinson, 2000, Boxall, 2003). In the NHS, the labour government has initiated performance management via the NHS STAR RATING as a tool to drive performance and accountability. A balanced score card which consist of both financial and non-financial measures of HRM measures is used as a multidimensional goal and target in assessing hospital performances. That is, the NHS star rating evaluates hospital performance across dimensions like patient satisfaction, clinical output, waiting times and deliver ing capacity of hospitals (Healthcare Commission , 2004). Hospitals are ascribed ratings of zero, one, two or three stars based on their performances in the score calculation. As a result, higher star rating hospitals acquire greater autonomy whilst managers in lower star rating hospitals are been threatened of their dismissal (Givan, 2005). Some researchers have tried to demonstrate its efficacy, however, other researchers have demonstrated that the associated indicators, targets, star ratings, rewards and punishment are unfair and unreal in the public sector and consequently destroy the blue print of NHS which is fairness, equity, quality and universality. Givan (2005, p. 636) argues that the supposed intention of the NHS star ratings to improve performance and to increase public awareness to quality of delivered health services is only rhetorical. She argues that, in practice, HR performance indicators have not been generated from fair, accurate and transparent data, and as such; the indicators have not fulfilled their primary goals as m any HR directors have expressed their lack of confidence in the quality of data used towards the ratings. She further notes that the public has used the rating as an opportunity to criticise hospitals instead of understanding and appropriately accessing the facilities. The ratings therefore affected how patients patronize hospitals. It was noticed that more patients patronize the highly rated hospitals whilst, the poorly rated ones were less visited with subsequent difficulty on how to restore their image. Another point, Givan (2005) highlighted, is the negative effect the media plays in the association of the public sector performance and the effect of HRM performance measurement. She explained how the NHS publication of hospital ratings has led to the demoralisation of hospital staffs resulting in poorer performance. She argues that the media took advantage of these publications by constantly publicising the negative aspect of health service delivery even though according to her the best rated hospitals are not necessarily the best performing as items measured are sometimes intangible and those not measured becomes insignificant. Bevan (2006) has also highlighted how HRM practices have led to the loss of one of NHS blue print, which is the quality of services provided to patients. He argued that, due to the fact that rewards and punishment have been perceived to be unfair as a result of unfair indicators and ratings, pretence and gaming has ensued amongst practitioners because measurement and ratings are perceived to be presently more weighted than quality of services being rendered. As a result, practitioners have devised means of being measured well as opposed to the focus on quality of service given. Indeed, waiting times have reduced just for hospital recurrences to increase. Moreover, the measurement of service quality within the NHS has been highlighted and argued to represent a form of professional distrust from the government and seen as a breach of professional idealism where a nurse or a doctor can be expected to perform maximally without supervision (Morgan & Potter, 1995). In the same vein, public service employees have been argued to have public service ethos where staffs perform maximally without strict supervision or even any form of incentives (Public Administration Select Committee, 2002). Indeed, to some extent, these researchers have believed that performance management via NHS star rating is a political gimmick for politicians to shift blames of underperformances on professionals who work in the public sector or at least to control the public sector which still perhaps, point to the fact that the public sector is different from the private sector within politicians’ control devices. This is also in line with the notion of Propper and Wilson (2003) who have noted that performance management and NPM are strategic methods used by politicians to assert control over the public and not for its intended purpose for performance improvement as in the private sector. However, although the NHS star rating and the balanced score card have met some form of resistance from professionals and hospitals in the public sector, Aidemark & Funck (2009) have been able to positively demonstrate their effect on practitioners and NHS services. In their study, they explained how competition for efficiency ensued amongst practitioners towards becoming best performing hospital and consequently seen to improve availability of health care services. The balanced score card which consist of most practices from HRM was able to help practitioners work more efficiently by helping them compare more numbers of patient parameters in one unit. For example, comparing patient need, treatment and feedback simultaneously facilitated cost efficiency and reducing waiting times. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Moving away from the view of government and NHS institutions, and looking at performance appraisals within organisations, that is, between organisational leaders and employees, HRM practices seem also not to be applauded. The argument is that due to the measurement of intangible goals within the public sector, many of the performance appraisals conducted by senior managers or supervisors would result into a low quality appraisal. Within this context, low quality appraisals are faults generated during performance management processes, which often lead to wrong evaluation/judgments of appraisal either from employee or supervisory perspectives. This notion follows Murphy and Cleveland (1995)’s argument that public sector performance appraisal is a complex process because services are unquantifiable and would most likely result into bias and subjective judgment by the management supervisor. They noticed that these biases often result from the way a supervisor perceives and judges the outcome of the management process. Moreover, the judgment of any managerial appraisal in the public sector can be influenced by so many factors such as emotion, government policy, structures or even the appearance of the person appraised. Treadway et al. (2007, pp. 48-55) further emphasised on the progressive increase in appraisal bias and subjectivity within the public sector. The argument is that supervisors are often noticed to exhibit negative attitudes towards appraisal processes, perhaps due to the reason that they feel uncomfortable giving negative feedbacks to staffs. Therefore, in the public sector, they conduct this process more for the purpose of accountability or just for the reason to be seen conducting it. In the NHS, various studies have been carried out to determine the effectiveness of appraisal systems. It appears that many have not supported their effectiveness. In the study of personnel functions within the NHS by Guest and Peccei (1992), the effectiveness of performance appraisal was ranked 14th out of 17 personnel practices in view. Wilson and Cole (1990) have blamed the lack of sustainability of appraisal system within the NHS to the highly and complex politicized nature of health care. Redman et al. (2000), in their study on the effectiveness of appraisal within an NHS hospital also concluded that the process has not been proven to be fair and effective, perhaps due to lack of time, resources and results ambiguity that makes the process difficult within the health system. REWARD The effectiveness of HRM reward systems in the public sector is another practice that is keenly contested. Bratton and Gold (2007, p. 358) define reward as, the financial and non-financial payment given to an employee by an organization for a successful work done. It is often in form of promotion, recognition, benefits or pay. This new approach of rewarding public sector employees seems more flexible as opposed to the old reward system in which rewards automatically comes after years of service or hierarchy. This new approach may be argued to motivate employees towards work performance since employees are not promoted or rewarded if they do not perform well at work. However, some researchers have viewed this approach to be unethical within the public sector since it goes against the public service ethos of equity, equality and fairness. Some also have demonstrated the paradox and tensions between the pay methods. That is, where an employee perceives the method to be dissatisfactory even though it may be fair, it may cause more harm than good. Some even argue whether public sector staffs that are often seen to be intrinsically motivated are extrinsically motivated. Extrinsic reward within this context is a pay, benefit or promotion rewarded from an equivalently rendered service whilst intrinsic reward is the satisfaction derived psychologically from doing a job without an equivalent pay. Crewson (1997), in his empirical study carried out on public employee to determine to what extent pay incentives will affect motivation to work found out that the majority of staffs were not motivated to do more than how they have often been used to perform. Some were even noticed to demonstrate a demotivation. In fact, the overall notion is that rewards have not been actually effective within the public sector, perhaps, due to the complex and unquantifiable service rendered in public sector, which are often difficult to measure as opposed to the private sector where financial outcome is the basis for performance measurement. The quality and outcome framework of the NHS is an example of an institution that provides financial incentives to its employees (clinical team). It awards points to levels of targeted achievements of care processes and indicators of clinical outcomes. Rewards are directly linked to the number of points achieved. Though Doran et al. (2008) noticed that the framework achieved some changes in employee behaviour and concluded that the process was costly. Campbell et al. (2009), also questioned the relationship between some of its performance targets and the health improvement of its population and concluded that the setting of standard for one aspect of health care have reduced health performance elsewhere. The overall notion is that even though incentives may have seemed to be beneficial, its costly nature within the NHS may not be able to justify its implementation and subsequently its sustainability may not be guaranteed. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of private practices including Human resource management practices in the public sector is still unclear; yet, these practices are continuously utilised in the public sector. Perhaps, this is due to the wide belief that private sector tools are better than its public counterpart in resolving the on-going financial and fiscal deficit. Tools used by the human resource management are performance management, appraisal and rewards. The NHS is no exception to public sectors that greatly depends on these human resource management tools presently in the UK. The NHS having its blue print in fairness, equity and quality has been widely criticised to lose its originality after the initiation of new public management and human resource management. To drive performance within the NHS, the government adopted the NHS star rating which paved the way for various studies to be carried out on its fairness and effectiveness. Many researchers as discussed above have demonstrated the process to be unfair and highly politicized especially whilst questioning the indicators and targets used during this process. Appraisals have also not been applauded by many studies as it is seen to lead to a low quality appraisal via supervisory subjectivity and bias. It has also been viewed as contradictory to public service ethos and has led to distrust between employees with subsequent underperformance of staffs. Rewards in the quality and outcome framework of the NHS have also not been perceived to be effective and where it is, it was described to be costly and lack sustainability within the public sector or at least in the NHS. Overall, this essay holds the opinion that the success in transferring private human resource management practices into the public sector is yet unclear at least in the NHS. Perhaps, this is due to the effect of public sector peculiarity such as intangible measures, lack of resources and political powers as opposed to its private counterpart. As such, practices from the private sector should not be directly transferred but cautiously or modified to the corresponding institution. Bibliography Wilson, J. & Cole, G. (1990). A healthy approach to performance appraisal. Personel Management , 46-49. Aidemark, L.-G. & Funck, E. K. (2009). Measurement and Health Care Management. Financial Accountability & Management , 25 (2), 253-276. Armstrong, M. (2002). Employee Reward, 3rd ed. London: CIPD. Bevan, G. (2006). Setting targets for health care performance: lessons from a case study of the English NHS. National Institute economic review , 197 (1), 67-79. Beer, M.; Lawrence, P.; Spector, B.; Mills, D. & Walton, R. (1985). Human resource management: a general manager’s perspective. New York: The Free Press. Boxall, P. (2003). HR strategy and competitive advantage in the service sector. Human Resource Management Journal , 13 (3), 5-20. Bratton, J. & Gold, J. (2007). Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian. Campbell, S. M.; Reeves, D.; Kontopantelis, E.; Sibbald, B. & Roland, M. (2009). Effects of Pay for Performance on the Quality of P rimary Care in England. The new england journal of medicine , 361, 368-378. Carter, A. & Robinson, D. (2002). Employee Returns: Linking HR Performance Indicators to Business Strategy. Report 365. Brighton: Institute for Employment Studies. Crewson, P. E. (1997). Public-Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 7 (4), 499-518. Doran, T.; Kontopantelis, E.; Fullwood, C. & David Reeves. (2008). Effect of financial incentives on inequalities in the delivery of primary clinical care in England: analysis of clinical activity indicators for the quality and outcomes framework. The Lancet , 372 (9640), 728-736. Guest, D. E. & Peccei, R. (1992). The Effectiveness of Personnel Management in the NHS. London: NHS Personnel Development Division. Givan, R. K. (2005). Seeing stars: human resources performance indicators in the National Health Service. Personel Review , 34 (6), 634-647. Huselid, M. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate finan cial performance. Academy of Management Journal , 38 (3), 635-672. Healthcare Commission . (2004). NHS performance ratings 2003/2004. Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection. London: The Healthcare Commission. Murphy, K. R. & Cleveland, J. (1995). Understanding performance appraisal: Social, organizational, and goal-based perspectives. California: Sage. Morgan, P. & Potter, C. (1995). Professional Cultures and Paradigms in Quality Health Care. In I. &. Kirkpatrick, The Politics of Quality in the Public Sector. London: Routledge. Public Administration Select Committee. (2002). The Public Service Ethos: Seventh Report of Session 2001-02 Vol.1. House of Commons. London: HMSO. Propper, C. & Wilson, D. (2003). The Use and Usefulness of Performance Measures in the Public Sector. Oxford Review of Economic Policy , 19 (2), 250-267. Rainey, H.; Levine, C. & Backoff. (1976). Comparing Public and Private organisations. Public Administration Review , 36, 233-244. Redman, T.; Thompson, D. ; Snape E. & Ka-Ching Yan, F. (2000). Performance appraisal in a NHS hospital. Human Resource Management Journal , 10 (1), 48-62. Treadway, D.C., Adams, G.L., Duke, A.B., Ferris, G.R., & Thatcher, J.B. (2007). The moderating role of subordinate political skill on supervisors’ impressions of subordinate ingratiation and ratings of subordinate interpersonal facilitation. Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 (3), 848-855.

American Airlines Flight Essay

Through his 1997 Airframe novel, Michael Crichton describes Casey Singleton’s response after a plane that was manufactured by Norton Aircraft experiences an accident while in flight. Singleton is a quality assurance officer at Norton Aircraft. Does the story accurately portray an aircraft manufacturer’s response to an accident? By demonstrating that following the accident, Norton Aircraft works hard to ensure that it (Norton Aircraft) does not only ascertain the genesis of the accident, but also to try to exonerate itself from any culpability, Crichton presents an accurate picture of aircraft manufacturers’ reaction to plane accidents. To illustrate, Singleton puts forth great efforts to investigate the facts behind the accident (Crichton, 1996). It is notable that a Singleton is not interested in the numerous aspects that usually surround pane mishaps. Rather, she seeks to establish who erred with regard to the accident. This is the typical reaction of aircraft manufacturers after plane accidents; they seek to apportion blame rather than solve the problem. Does the story accurately portray the media’s response to an aircraft accident? Crichton also presents a credible description of how the news-hungry media usually responds after plane accidents. It is undisputable that media houses jostle to present that so-called ‘exclusive’ story to the public after air accidents. This trend is clearly exhibited by the plans by a local media house to air a sensational news program that has somewhat maliciously dubbed the ill-fated plane a ‘deathtrap’. The author thus describes and critiques the sensational attitude that the media shows towards plane accidents. What was your overall impression of the story? After studying Crichton’s story, I was pleased with the author’s description of events that closely resemble real-life aviation accidents. For example, in describing the circumstances as well as the cause of the accident, Crichton draws parallels with the American Airlines Flight 191 fatal crash. In addition, Singleton’s investigations reveal that the accident was partly caused by the captain’s error of allowing his inexperienced son to take charge of the aircraft. Similarly, the Aeroflot flight 593 mishap in 1994 originated from the pilot’s mistake of permitting his inexperienced son to man the flight. Discerning such parallels to real-life events makes me to like the novel owing to its seeming applicability in contemporary mishaps. On the other hand, after closely examining Crichton’s plot, I have deduced several themes which make the author’s text very significant. For example, the author describes events that seek to show that air accidents are usually blamed on the wrong parties. In this case, John Marder and his associates try to place the blame for the accident squarely on Singleton. After her investigations, Singleton however detects that the fault was in the person who was operating the aircraft, particularity the pilot. The author thus demonstrates that innocent and vulnerable parties usually unjustly carry the blame for plane accidents. This candid portrayal of the blame games that accompany plane accidents is an aspect that makes the author’s work worthy of praise. In addition, I marveled at Crichton’s demonstration that humans, as opposed to mechanical failures, are the main cause of plane accidents. The author thus eradicates the popular notion that machine failure is normally the major culprit behind plane accidents. To illustrate, the aircraft is functional as per Singleton’s investigations. Human error, in form of improper maintenance coupled with operational errors; make the plane to have the accident. Crichton thus debunks a popular myth related to aircraft accidents through the novel’s events. This aspect makes me to really like the author’s bluntness and originality. References Crichton, M. (1996). Airframe. New York: Knopf.

George Lucas Essays

George Lucas Essays George Lucas Paper George Lucas Paper George Lucas varies slightly from Bill Gates, largely because of the fact that the entrepreneurial talent was triggered within him. This resulted in him thinking very differently about his life and the way in which he wanted to live it. In terms of Gallups life themes, the main ones that he possess are dedication, focus, urgency, activator, opportunity and creativity. Once the car crash had occurred, Lucas suddenly felt the need to do certain things, and this was to go into film; this shows urgency and activator. He suddenly realised that he had to something, so he changed his original plans and set about making new ones almost immediately (everyone thought that he was mad! ). Before this Lucas had not been the brightest, but now he had found something that he wanted to focus on, and this showed his dedication to get where he wanted. He realised that world cinema was in a depression, ticket sales were poor and films were costing a lot more than they were actually making at the box office. Lucas had spotted his opportunity, he realised that in order to get people back into the cinema he needed to create something new and fresh. : He accomplished this by directing the Star Wars trilogy, which shows his creativity attribute. Also, Kaos (1989) traits indicate perseverance and risk-taking as common entrepreneurial traits, and Lucas also possessed these. Star Wars was a massive risk for him financially, and he had had to persevere in the past in order to get the funding for his film; and that is why he created the 1973 film American Graffiti. However, there are some traits in my research that go against some of George Lucas characteristics. In Gallups life themes it states the traits of profit orientation and ego-driven. However, it does seem that George Lucas was ever ego-driven; he simply did what he had to do because he felt the need to do it. He had experienced a trigger event, and this had led to him changing his career path totally from a racing car driver to a film director. Also, George Lucas did not change his career path because of the prospects; he simply had a change of heart after his accident. George Lucas has generated both financial and aesthetic capital through his entrepreneurial ventures. Financially, the six Star Wars films alone have grossed over i 2billion worldwide and Lucas has obtained all the rights to Star Wars merchandise as well. Aesthetically, he has created one of the most influential film sagas of all time, and this has been a great influence to modern sci-fi films. Bill Gates Bill Gates possesses many of the entrepreneurial talents that I have highlighted through my research into various resources. In terms of Gallups life themes, he clearly possesses ten out of the twelve. He has dedication, he used to work ridiculously long hours and in turn this also showed determination. He is focused, and clearly ego driven; he wanted to make a difference that would be recognised and would make a change. The Microsoft operating system is the result of his entrepreneurial venture, and it also shows urgency because in order to start Microsoft he left Harvard University in his final year; he had no time to waste because he is an activator. Gates clearly saw an opportunity in the market; he predicted that the ever-growing personal computer market would need an efficient operating system. Kao (1989) however highlights a certain attribute called low status and power. This clearly does not describe Bill Gates, because it is basically the opposite of being egotistic. It is stating that entrepreneurs do not feel the need to have a high status or lots of power. I do not believe this is the case with Bill Gates though, he purposefully aimed to be the only sole provider of operating systems in the PC market, and he is said to be quite aggressive in terms of ensuring that Microsoft are number one. Therefore this shows that Bill Gates does not quite fit into this theme of a low need for status and power. Throughout his entrepreneurial venture, Bill Gates has generated financial, social and aesthetic capital. Financially, he has made billions and is currently the richest man in the world Section Five: A summary statement Previously to this the word Entrepreneur was a word that I had heard of but did not fully understand what it meant. To me it was just a term used to describe someone who took risks in business. I now know that it is much more than that! The most important being that Entrepreneurs have shaped todays world and will continue to in the future. Entrepreneurs are not simply people who start a business and make lots of money, some do not make any at all. They are innovated people who spotted opportunities, took risks and succeeded against the odds. They are global and can come from all walks of life and religions. Each one of us could be an entrepreneur, all we have to do is spot the opportunity.

Biography of Cary Grant, Famous Leading Man

Biography of Cary Grant, Famous Leading Man Cary Grant (born Archibald Alexander Leach; January 18, 1904–November 29, 1986) was one of Americans most successful actors of the 20th century. He made his way out of an unhappy home life in Bristol, England, by joining a troupe of British comedians, then crossing the Atlantic to try his hand at vaudeville before becoming a suave screen presence and one of Hollywood’s favorite leading men. Fast Facts: Cary Grant Known For: One of filmdoms favorite leading menAlso Known As: Archibald Alexander LeachBorn: January 18, 1904 in Bristol, EnglandParents: Elias James Leach, Elsie Maria KingdonDied: November 29, 1986 in Davenport, IowaFilms: Topper, To Catch a Thief, North by Northwest, CharadeSpouse(s): Virginia Cherrill, Barbara Woolworth Hutton, Betsy Drake, Dyan Cannon, Barbara HarrisChildren: Jennifer GrantNotable Quote: So would I, when told by an interviewer that Everybody would like to be  Cary Grant. Early Life Grant was the son of Elsie Maria Kingdon and Elias James Leach, a suit presser in a clothing manufacturing plant. The working-class family of Episcopalians lived in a stone row house in Bristol, England, kept warm by coal-burning fireplaces. When Grant was young, his parents often argued with one another. A bright boy, Grant attended the Bishop Road Boys’ School, ran errands for his mother, and enjoyed movies with his father. When Grant was 9, however, his life tragically changed when his mother disappeared. Told that she was resting at a seaside resort, Grant wouldn’t see her for more than 20 years. Now raised by his father and his father’s distant parents, Grant took his mind off his unsettled home life by playing handball at school and joining the Boy Scouts. In school, he loitered in the science lab, fascinated by electricity. The science professor’s assistant took the 13-year-old Grant to the Bristol Hippodrome to show him the lighting system he had installed. Grant became infatuated- not with the lighting, but with the theater. English Theater In 1918, the 14-year-old Grant took a job at the Empire Theater assisting the men working the arc lamps. He frequently skipped school to attend matinees. Hearing that the Bob Pender Troupe of comedians was hiring, Grant wrote Pender an introductory letter, forging his father’s signature. Unbeknownst to his father, Grant was hired and learned to walk on stilts, pantomime, and perform acrobatics, touring English cities with the troupe. Grants devotion was thwarted when his father found him and dragged him home. Grant got himself expelled from school by peeking at the girls in the restroom.  With his father’s blessing, Grant then rejoined the Pender troupe. In 1920, eight boys, Grant among them, were selected from the troupe to appear at New Yorks Hippodrome. The teen sailed for America to begin a new life. Broadway While working in New York in 1921, Grant received a letter from his father saying he had fathered a son named Eric Leslie Leach with another woman. Grant gave little thought to his half-brother, enjoying baseball, Broadway celebrities, and living beyond his means. When the Pender tour ended in 1922, Grant stayed in New York, selling ties on the street and performing on stilts at Coney Island while watching for another vaudeville opening. Soon he was back at the Hippodrome using his acrobatic, juggling, and mime skills. In 1927, Grant appeared in his first Broadway musical comedy, Golden Dawn, at the Hammerstein Theater. Because of his good looks and gentlemanly ways, Grant won the leading male role in a 1928 play, Rosalie. He was spotted by Fox Film Corp. talent scouts and asked to take a screen test, which he flunked: They said he was bowlegged and his neck was too thick. When the stock market crashed in 1929, half of the Broadway theaters closed. Grant took a pay cut but appeared in musical comedies. In the summer of 1931, Grant, hungry for work, appeared at the outdoor Muny Opera in St. Louis, Missouri. Movies In November 1931, the 27-year-old Grant drove cross-country to Hollywood. After a few introductions and dinners, he had another screen test and received a five-year contract with Paramount, but the studio rejected his name. Grant had played a character named Cary on Broadway; the plays author suggested that Grant take that name. He picked Grant from a studio list of last names. Grant’s first feature film, This Is the Night (1932), was followed by seven more films that year. He took parts rejected by seasoned actors. Although Grant was inexperienced, his looks and easy working style kept him in pictures, including the popular Mae West films She Done Him Wrong (1933) and I’m No Angel (1933). Marrying and Going Independent In 1933, Grant met actress Virginia Cherrill, 26, the star of several Charlie Chaplin films, at the William Randolph Hearst beach house and sailed for England that November, his first trip home. They married on February 2, 1934, in London’s Caxton Hall registry office. After seven months, Cherrill left Grant and claimed he was too controlling. They divorced in 1935. In 1936, rather than re-signing with Paramount, Grant hired an independent agent to represent him. Grant could now choose his roles and took taking artistic control of his career, which gave him unprecedented independence at the time. Between 1937 and 1940, Grant honed his screen personality as an elegant, irresistible leading man. He appeared in two moderately successful films, Columbias When Youre in Love (1937) and RKO’s The Toast of New York (1937). Then came box-office success in Topper (1937) and The Awful Truth (1937), which received six Academy Awards- Grant, the leading actor, was not the recipient of any of those awards. Grants Mother Resurfaces In October 1937, Grant received a letter from his mother, saying she wanted to see him. Grant, who thought she had died years before, booked passage to England after he finished filming Gunga Din (1939). At 33, Grant finally learned that his mother had suffered a nervous breakdown and his father put her into an asylum. She had become mentally unbalanced from guilt over losing an earlier son, John William Elias Leach, who had developed gangrene from a torn thumbnail before he turned 1. After watching him around the clock for several nights, Elsie took a nap and the child died. Grant got his mother released and purchased a Bristol home for her. He corresponded with her, visited often, and financially supported her until she died at age 95 in 1973. Marrying Again In 1940, Grant appeared in Penny Serenade (1941) and received an Oscar nomination. He didnt win, but he became a box-office star and, on June 26, 1942, an American citizen. On July 8, 1942, Grant married 30-year-old Barbara Woolworth Hutton, the granddaughter of the founder of Woolworths and one of the worlds wealthiest women. Later, Grant received his second Oscar nomination for Best Actor for None but the Lonely Heart (1944). After several separations and reconciliations, the marriage ended in divorce on July 11, 1945. Hutton had lifelong psychological problems; she was 6 when she found her mother’s body after her suicide. In 1947, Grant received the Kings Medal for Services in the Cause of Freedom for meritorious service during World War II, when he had donated his salaries from two movies to the British war effort. On December 25, 1949, Grant got married for the third time, to 26-year-old Betsy Drake- his co-star in Every Girl Should Be Married (1948). Brief Retirement Grant retired from acting in 1952, sensing that newer, grittier actors such as James Dean and Marlon Brando were the new draw rather than light-hearted comedic actors. Drake introduced Grant to LSD therapy, which was legal at that time. Grant claimed he found inner peace regarding his troubled upbringing. Director Alfred Hitchcock coaxed Grant out of retirement to star in To Catch a Thief (1955). Its acclaim followed two earlier Grant-Hitchcock successes: Suspicion (1941) and Notorious (1946). Grant starred in more films, including Houseboat (1958), where he fell in love with co-star Sophia Loren. Although Loren married producer Carlo Ponti, Grant’s marriage to Drake became strained; they separated in 1958 but didnt divorce until August 1962. Grant starred in another Hitchcock film, North by Northwest (1959). His suave performance made him the archetype for Ian Fleming’s fictional spy James Bond. Grant was offered the role by producer Albert Broccoli, but Grant thought he was too old and would commit to just one film of the potential series. The role ultimately went to 32-year-old Sean Connery in 1962. Grant’s successful movies continued with Charade (1963) and Father Goose (1964). Becoming a Father On July 22, 1965, the 61-year-old Grant married his fourth wife, 28-year-old actress Dyan Cannon. In 1966, Cannon gave birth to daughter Jennifer, Grants first child. Grant announced his retirement from acting that year. Cannon reluctantly joined Grant’s LSD therapy, but her scary experiences strained their relationship. They divorced on March 20, 1968, but Grant remained a doting father. On a trip to England, Grant met hotel public relations officer Barbara Harris, 46 years his junior, and married her on April 15, 1981. They remained married until his death five years later. Death In 1982, Grant began touring the international lecture circuit in a one-man show called A Conversation with Cary Grant, during which he talked about his films, showed clips, and answered audience questions. Grant was in Davenport, Iowa, when he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage while preparing for the show. He died that night, Nov. 29, 1986, at age 82. Legacy In 1970, Grant received a special Oscar from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for his acting achievements. Coupled with his two previous best actor Oscar nominations, five Golden Globe best actor nominations, 1981 Kennedy Center honors, and nearly two dozen other major nominations and awards, Grants place in film history is secure, as is his image of grace and civility. In 2004, Premiere magazine named him the greatest movie star of all time. Sources â€Å"Cary Grant.† IMDb.Cary Grant Biography. Biography.com.Cary Grant: British-American Actor. Encyclopaedia Britannica.10 Things You Never Knew About Cary Grant, Hollywood’s Greatest Leading Man. Littlethings.com.

Microbiology Final (Research Project) Research Paper

Microbiology Final ( Project) - Research Paper Example Excluding the Reston subtype of Ebola virus, all other types cause infection in the humans (Reddy 2002). The virus was identified initially in the year 1967 in Marburg, Germany after the presence of this virus was seen in workers of a laboratory. This was owing to their continuous contact with monkeys in the laboratory (Carruthers et al 2005). Ebola viruses are structurally classified as complete viral particles which show pleomorphism in their shapes. It can be long, filamentous or in circular forms. The dimensions of the virus are length of 14,000 nm and diameter of 80nm, encompassed in a membrane composed of lipid molecules. Ebola is a single-stranded RNA virus and it multiplies through the process of asexual reproduction, budding. Ebola virus consists of seven structural and one non-structural protein. Nucleoprotein is the major structural protein and others include virion structural protein (VP) 30, VP 35 and large protein (L) (Georgiev 2009). Ebola virus’s natural habitat is still not completely known by the microbiologists but it has, however, been established that Ebola virus is an animal-borne or zoonotic virus. Therefore, it maintains its natural reservoirs in animal hosts (Reddy 2002). Ebola life cycle initiates with the entry of the virus into different types of cells through the viral surface glycoprotein which regulate the entry of the virus. Figure 1 provides an overview of the entry of the virus into the host cell. Certain receptors on the cell surfaces promote the entry of the virus and render them vulnerable to the attack of the virus. These receptors include folate receptor-a, proteins of C-type lectin family and L-SIGN receptors expressed on Jurkat cells, macrophages and endothelial cells respectively. Once, binding and fusion of the virus in the cells is complete, the viral genome is uncoated. However, little is known about this process. The

Information technology and employment issues Essay

Information technology and employment issues - Essay Example Apart from analyzing productivity, the study also relays more information on how the presence of technology has affected employment opportunities not only in the US but also globally. According to studies, many people are fearful and distrustful when it comes to issues regarding change in places of work. The most feared form of change is the one that involves new and complex technologies. When such changes occur, not only does it instill fear but also result to development of stressful traits among workers, especially the old as well as the less-educated personnel (Jordan, 2012). This is because according to many, introduction of changes usually comes with a number of repercussions, both positive and negative. According to studies, the current generation came with a number of changes, the most common being information technology. This innovation resulted fear among many staff members of companies and organizations. According to studies, people feared this type of change in their plac es of work since it meant that some people would lose their jobs (Jordan, 2012). Since computers do a number of tasks, this implied that many people suffer joblessness and only few computer literate persons would remain. Apart from fear of losing jobs and becoming useless, technology also has its own benefits as well. This is because introduction of technology in places of work also contributes directly to job creation (Miller & Atkinson, 2013). According to studies, the rate of unemployed people is ever on the rise not only in the US but globally.

Sterilisation of a disabled person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sterilisation of a disabled person - Essay Example Such as stomach cramps, that she was suffering. Sarah also highlights that fact that Amanda has no realistic prospects of ever having children hysterectomy i.e. remove the daughters womb so as "to improve her quality of life† a number of gynaecologists are backing Sarah’s demands however various disabled rights group are horrified by he prospects of doctors removing Amanda womb "just because she is disabled they argue that she has "just as much right as anyone else to grow up with her body intact to have the opportunity to choose whether to give birth to her own children’s. Her human rights would be violated". 1) Introduce the relevant issues. I.e. is it appropriate to sterilise a minor without their consent. Briefly look at the relevance on the effect on the carers looking after someone disabled. Look at the nature of the operations it’s not without risk? And it’s not reversible. Also briefly look at the disabled rights. Brief mention on human rights also. 2) Main body of the assignment. Criticise the law. Also its â€Å"best interest test† critique it. Convenient arguments if the court declare it to be lawful, the whose convenience is it for. Absence of consent could also be discussed. Human rights on Eugenic( population) The issue of the sterilisation of children who are mentally handicapped has always been an emotive topic and one that is very controversial. Despite protestations by the parents of the handicapped child that they are acting in the best interests of the child many see this as a violation of the right of the woman to reproduce. In Re D (A Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation) [1976] 1 All ER 326 an educational psychologist who had been concerned with the child’s welfare applied for a wardship order which was duly granted by the court. In this case the child’s mother had asked a hospital to sterilise her daughter as she was concerned that her daughter who had

East Asia History Essay Example for Free

East Asia History Essay Q1a Meaning of sumo and baseball in Japan In Japan, Sumo and baseball are the central sports and depict the cultural belief of achievement, individual effort and character. Sumo is very significant â€Å"to the roots of Japan and is a form of national pride. Therefore sumo is a reflection of the historical Japan, and is today the most important sport acting as a national symbol. Somo was always encouraged young men and boys. However with the growing number of the youth, who have not seen the importance of the traditions of their forefathers have discarded this sport and replaced it with the contemporary sport of baseball. This means that baseball is taking centre stage as the most popular sort especially for the urban youth. Sumo in a way is a representative of the old generation being replaced by a modern sport of baseball. Q3. The position of women in neo-Confucian cultures â€Å"It has been justly remarked that a nation’s civilization may be estimated by the rank which females hold in society. If the civilization of China be judged of by this test, she is surely far from occupying that first place which she so strongly claims† (Chinese repository, 313). This is the remark about women in China, and is correct by all means. In many cultures across the world women and men posses’ distinct functions and responsibilities and in the Neo-Confucian cultures women held a very important position but a lesser one from that of men. Confucians viewed the family â€Å"as a microcosm of the state† which was ruled by a male emperor, therefore it meant that the man was the natural head of the home. The position of women was at home where she was to assume the responsibilities or ‘Dao’ (woman’s way) of a wife and mother. Her other roles included the upbringing of children which included their education. The woman was called to be obedient to her father first, secondly to her husband and to her grown son. Such views portrayed a woman as a tool for men, which would lead eventually to such cultural practices of â€Å"foot-binding† (meant to limit the mobility of females and serve as erotic pleasure for the men. ) Other practices included the â€Å"cult of chastity† where windows were elevated to the role of â€Å"cultural heroes† also such practices led to such harsh traditions of selling unwanted daughters. http://chnm. gmu. edu/wwh/modules/lesson10/lesson10. php? s=0 Confucianism eventually was labeled as the â€Å"chief causes for Chinas failure to modernize† by the â€Å"May fourth â€Å"generation that comprised of communists and intellectuals. Buddhism in china and Japan changed the influence that Confucianism had on the belief of women’s position in the society. By late 19th century, the liberation for the women became a major driving force within the reform and revolution movements. Male crusaders advocated for greater role for the women in the transformation of their nation. Educated women from Japan and China rallied behind them and started speaking and writing publicly for the first time. This attracted opposition and protests from the conservatives and traditionalists who wanted the status quo of gender roles to remain. They viewed the female activists as â€Å"unseemly, unfeminine and too western†. (http://chnm. gmu. edu/wwh/modules/lesson10/lesson10. php? s=0) The journey to liberation for the women is not over yet; but bolder steps have been made towards this end. And in the contemporary East Asia, women have been honored alongside men for their militant participation against in the Taiping Rebellion, where Hakka women fought against Mancho government as soldiers. Q4.  The state of Chinese economy at the time of the Chairman Mao’s death in 1976 to date In May 16th 1966 Chairman Mao Zedong lunched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution that resulted to widespread power struggles that almost brought China to the brink of Civil War. Because of this strain China’s Economy stagnated which also affected the social and political aspect of the republic. ( http://en. wikipedia. org) After the fall of ‘the Gang of Four’ Hua Guofeng and later in 1977 Deng Xiaoping led China in affirming the modernization Programme that had been started by Zhou Enlai in 1975. Deng Xiaoping further initiated new Policies towards achieving the Four Modernizations. The Policies played a very important role in revitalizing the economy of China. The policies played a very important role of strengthening the authority that managers and economic decision makers had as opposed to political or party officials. ( http://en. wikipedia. org) Through these policies workers were offered material incentives, research and education systems were highly strengthened and strategize for an increase in foreign trade. In the period between 1976 and 1978 the economy started peaking from the Cultural Revolution. China’s economy was wholly dependent on agriculture, which had been adversely affected by three years of poor weather in 1977 that saw the drop of agricultural output. However the harvest hit a record high of 14% in 1977 and 13% in 1978. ( http://en. wikipedia. org) Today China’s economy is rated among the highest in the world becoming the world’s second largest and rated as the fastest growing economy in modern history with ac consistent GDP of over 10 %. ( http://en. wikipedia. org)