Gang Violence in New York as Presented by West Side Story

Gang Violence in New York as Presented by West Side Story Gangs have been occupied New York City for hundreds of years. In the 1950s, the city saw a rise of Latino immigrants from Latin America, the Caribbean, and notably Puerto Rico as well as a rise in gang violence. Leonard Bernstein’s musical West Side Story uses the real-world subject of gang warfare in New York City to depict a modern-day adaptation of Romeo and Juliet by playing into the ethnic divide between the two gangs, but in doing so it simultaneously acts as a medium through which the uninformed public can learn about the culture of the gangs from this time. Street gangs in the northeast of the United States came about in three phases. The first phase took place after the American Revolution and consisted of youth fighting over turf. The second phase of street gangs started to emerge in 1820, which coincided with a rise of immigration. This is when serious ganging began taking place. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Latino and Black populations grew, and eventually, over two-thirds of the gangs in New York were Puerto Rican or Black. This third phase of gang activity is the subject for Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story, which features the Puerto Rican Sharks and the Polish-American Jets and the romantic relationship between two people, one from each gang, which suffers to exist amidst the violence between the two gangs. Gang culture was not necessarily known to the public, but the show’s creators tried toShow MoreRelated The Western as Commentary about Decaying Values Essay3542 Words   |  15 PagesOpen Range is that violence is best avoided when it’s possible to, but that sometimes people must do what is ethical and violence is inevitable. Boss and Charley both know that to take Button to the town’s doctor mean that Baxter will try to kill them. 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Positive &Negative Impact of CSR used by Company-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Positive and Negative Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility used by Companies to gain trusts of Customers. Answer: Introduction: Research motivations: The aim of the research the impact of corporate social responsibility in maintaining the stability of the business processes of commercial organisations. The aim of the paper is also to study the positive and negative impact of corporate social responsibility or CSR used by companies to gain trusts of customers. The assignment will delve into how CSR benefit the customers and how it misleads them in engaging transactions with the companies. The researcher has considered Woolworths as the base of studying CSR and its impact on the consumers. Unit of Investigation: Woolworths Supermarket is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Woolworths Limited based on Bella Vista Australia. The objectives of Woolworths are to become more customer oriented and to achieve increase in the sale of food and liquor products. The product portfolio of the supermarket chain consists of fruits and vegetables, non-vegetarian food, bakery, dairy products and eggs, kitchen food products, freezer, drinks, liquor, tobacco, pet, baby, health and beauty, household and lunch box. The supermarket chain allows the customers to buy products at the store and order online (Petrenko et al. 2016). Woolworths follows a very extensive corporate social responsibility strategy, which stands on three pillars namely, people, planet and prosperity. While dealing people, the international supermarket chain intends to achieve gender equality, equal pay to male and female employees and strives to employ members from the Aborigines tribe of Australia to generate employment among them. The company in order to ensure welfare of the planet component in its CSR aims to send all its food wastes to landfill for recycling and production of manure. It also strives towards reducing carbon emission to minimise environmental pollution. As far as the prosperity component of its CSR is concerned, it is applicable for all Woolworths Group of Companies including Woolworths Supermarket. According to its CSR, Woolworths works towards engaging in fair and equitable business with its suppliers. The company aims to inspire customers to consume its products in healthy and sustainable ways. Last but not the l east, the company aims to invest one percent of the total profits before interest and tax (EBIT) of its group companies three rolling years in community development partnerships and programmes (Grhan-Canli, Hayran and Sarial-Abi 2016). Research questions: The following are the research questions, which would form the substratum of studying the application of CSR in maintaining business sustainability in the organisations, how it helps them to achieve goodwill and its impact on the consumers. How are the corporate social responsibility clauses of company crucial in gaining and sustaining market goodwill? How do CSR of companies like Woolworths help them in achieving high market position? What positive and negative impacts does CSR have on the buying decisions of the consumers? How does CSR help companies to strengthen their brands? Outlook: The topic of the research, impact of CSR on consumers requires a broad outlook spanning concepts like CSR theories and brand equity. The paper is divided into an introductory part, literature review, methodology, findings and analysis, recommendation for future projects and conclusion. Methodology: The researcher used qualitative research to conduct the study. The topic the impact of CSR on consumers and their impact on brand equities of companies has a vast expanse. Such a vast topic cannot be researched successfully using quantitative methods. Hence, the appropriate method opted by the researcher is the qualitative method. The researcher has used data collection methods like studying records and documents from literary sources like journals, books, articles and magazines to gain substantial information for the research. The paper has been designed to cover various topics to explore the concept of CSR and its impacts on consumers in depth. There are several theories, which relate to corporate social responsibility like economic responsibilities, philanthropic responsibility and stakeholder theory. Applied theory framework: Background theory of Corporate Social Responsibilities: The corporate social responsibilities theory states that business organisations should operate in ways to benefit the society. The theory traverses a vast area consisting of law, ethics, philanthropy and stakeholders. The business organisations should abide by laws; operate ethically and morally while producing products to the consumers. They should follow environmental laws and apply methods like recycling of wastes to reduce environmental pollution and benefit the community as a whole. The following framework shows the parties to CSR which business organisations have to benefit through their operations: Parties to CSR To the companies CSR of the companies Government Lays down legal framework and gives facilities to companies Taxes, follow laws, function ethically Society Provides customers and employees Reduce pollution, manage wastes, Take part in social development initiatives Customers Revenue High quality products Corporate social responsibilities theories categories: Jones and Felps (2013), state that the aim of the business organisations are earning higher profits and maximising the investment of the shareholders. The shareholders invest in the capital of the companies, which account for their robust financial strength. It is this financial strength, which gives way to all other functions like production, employment generation and product designing. Lozano, Carpenter and Huisingh (2015) further supports this opinion of Jones and Felps. They state that globalisation of the corporate sector and the expansion of companies into foreign countries has led to increase in the importance of the shareholders. The corporate organisations increasingly operate towards maximising their profits by taking advantage of their market goodwill in order to give good returns to the shareholders. Lawrence and Weber (2014) contradict these profit making and shareholders capital maximisation concepts. They point out that business organisations irrespective of sizes of o perations and nature of business are members of the society and have responsibility of ensuring social welfare through their activities. This gave rise to the theories of corporate social responsibilities. Corporate social responsibility theory and business applications: According to Baksi, Bose and Xiang (2016) the theory of corporate social responsibility is viewed from two angles. First, the general theory states that business organisations should operate to earn profits and enter into ethical transactions with the community. This aspect of business conduct is restricted to earn profits by selling high quality of goods and services to the society. Here the aim is to ensure welfare of the society by providing them with high quality products. Lahiri and Dey (2013) points out that this approach is not about social welfare but providing society with high quality goods to earn customer loyalty and profits. The second approach to corporate social responsibility is about earning profits while simultaneously participating in social welfare. Rangan, Chase and Karim (2015) point out that most of the companies align their social welfare objectives with their business objectives. They make corporate social responsibilities to promote social welfare as a part of their core business objectives and generally place it under the supervision of a senior manager. Under the corporate social responsibility theory the business organisations have four responsibilities namely, economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibilities. Corporate social responsibility helps in gaining and sustaining market goodwill: Henderson (2017), states that the economic responsibility component of the business organisations states that earning profit is synonymous to their survival. The business organisations require earning profits in order to survive in the market and support its business activities. High profits enable the companies offer high quality branded products to the consumers, which in turn strengthens their brand image in the market. Offering big brands help organisations to earn higher profits and invest more in their CSR. For example, waste collection organisations earn profit by offering waste management services to the domestic and industrial sectors. This management of waste benefits the society as a whole by reducing pollution and earns profits for the companies. Gonzlez-Martnez et al. (2017) point out that management of wastes require the waste management companies to invest heavy amount in waste management plants and machinery. This shows that profit these companies earn help them to ac quire advanced waste management plants to remove wastes and benefit the society. Thus, it can be inferred that economic responsibility of business organisations to earn profits also contributes towards social welfare. It can also be stated that stronger market image leads to strengthening of brand equities of the companies. CSR helps companies in gaining high market position: The commercial organisations should follow their legal responsibilities of abiding the laws framed by governments. He and Lai (2014), point out that the companies should follow laws while conducting business operations. This statement holds even more substantial for the multinational companies including international retail chains. These companies operate in more than one country, which brings them within purview of several laws. They should follow national laws in force within their home countries and host countries. They should also abide by the international laws applicable for more than one country. Huang et al. (2014) support these statements stating that following law helps organisations to enhance their product qualities which in turn strengthens their brand value. Fatma et al. (2016) contradicts these opinions to support legal responsibility and brand value creation. They state that companies can use their brand power to make lofty corporate social responsibility statements. They, in reality often offer low quality products, which actually harms the society, and use their brand power to use legal loopholes to avoid penalties and government actions. Thus, though legal responsibilities of the companies require them to abide by law to benefit the society, the companies may use their brand image to avoid penalties for selling low quality goods. Thus, companies can acquire high market position following CSR and abiding by laws. Thus, CSR and following law can lead companies to enhance their goodwill and gain more business advantages. Ethical Responsibility and waste management as parts of CSR: Corley, Kim and Scheufele (2016) while pointing to the ethical responsibility approach of the business organisations state that companies should operate ethically to ensure social welfare. They state the companies especially the multinational companies like the global retail chains operate and sell products in several countries. This gives them the scope to impact innumerable consumers and the society through their activities and more specifically through their products. Trevino and Nelson(2016) further point out that the companies should provide high quality goods and services as a part of their ethical responsibilities. These high quality products would meet the needs of the customers better and ensure their welfare. Thus, the companies serve the society through their goods and services. Krystofik, Wagner and Gaustad (2015) take ethical responsibilities to a broader level. They state that the business organisations should manage wastes by recycling them and disposing them in scient ific manner. These initiatives would result in reduction in the vast amount of wastes the companies generate through their actions and the pollution they cause. This would promote health and social welfare. Yu, de Jong and Cheng (2016) contradict this social welfare image of the business organisations and point out that many organisations exploit natural resources as a part of their operations. They use their market position to get access to natural resources and exploit them. Thus, companies instead of following ethical operations, carry out business operations in unethical manner. Lee, Park and Lee (2013) state that the business organisations should take part in social developmental activities even if they are not directly linked to their businesses. They state that it is the duty of the business firms to take part, support philanthropic activities, and bring about development of the underprivileged section of the society. Petrenko et al. (2016) contradicts Lee, Park and Lee. They state that philanthropic responsibilities are apparently not part of the core business practices of the firms. They point out that when business organisations participate in philanthropic activities, they become more visible to the consumers. The multinational companies can use their past philanthropic activities to promote themselves, thus strengthening their brand equity. They are able to influence the consumers purchase decisions using their humanitarian image. Chang and Tseng (2013) contradict this strengthening of brand equity by companies using philanthropy as a tool and state that business organisations often use their philanthropic images to sell low graded products to consumers. This ultimately hampers the consumers and the society. Thus, the companies can use corporate social responsibilities to sell low quality products to harm the consumers. However, Rubio, Oubia and Villaseor (2014) points out those selling low quality products on to the customers ultimately results in the business organisations concerned losing its market to their competitors. Thus, it can evaluated that CSR can help business organisations in gaining trusts of the consumers and selling them products. However, the products of the business organisations should meet the expectations of the consumers so that the organisations can sustain in the market. Benefit of stakeholders through CSR and market position of companies: The stakeholder theory according Hrisch, Freeman and Schaltegger (2014) refers to the companies should act ethically to protect the interests of groups it influences called stakeholders. The business organisations obtain human resources from the society and sell goods to the customers who are a part of the society. These organisations act according to the laws framed by the governments and give them taxes in return. The customers buy products and give them revenue in return. The shareholders invest in their capital and the business firm gives them return on their investment to cause capital maximisation. The government, customers, employees, the society and various other identities like banks impact the business of the business organisations and are impacted by it in turn. For example, the customer are impacted by the quality of goods sold by these organisations and in turn impact them by paying them revenue. Bridoux and Stoelhorst (2014) point out that business organisations should recognise the heterogeneous needs of the stakeholders like the government needs taxes while the customers need products from the business organisations. This theory clearly points out that the business organisations must strive to benefit the society and its various members or the stakeholders. Thus, it can be pointed out that the stakeholder theory and corporate social responsibilities theory are not exclusive and in fact, they are interdependent. The CSR of the business organisations direct them to act responsibly towards the benefits of stakeholders and the society. Support from the important stakeholders like governments, customers and suppliers help organisations to earn high revenue and expand into new markets. Thus CSR benefits stakeholders which in turn fuels the international expansion of the companies giving them high market position thus establishing brand more strongly in the market. Positive and negative impacts of CSR on consumer trust: Martnez and del Bosque (2013) point out that corporate social responsibilities play instrumental role for the commercial organisations in gaining trust of consumers. The fact holds even more crucial for multinational companies who invest millions of dollars in their business operations. These companies require selling their products in the market to recycle the invested capital and earn increase in their capital. As Henderson (2017) already points out that these companies require to earn profits to be able to sustain in the market. It can also be pointed out that the profits earned by the business organisations help them to benefit stakeholders like employees and shareholders. For example, they earn profits, which enable them to offer salary increments to the employees and capital maximisation to the shareholders. Thus, the business organisations aim to earn maximum profits by selling their products. Petrenko et al. (2016) reiterate that CSR makes the companies more visible before th e customers and the society in general. It creates trust among the consumers regarding the positive attributes of the products, which in turn optimises their purchase decisions. Grhan-Canli, Hayran and Sarial-Abi (2016) supports these opinions and state that involvement in social development initiatives strengthens the brand image of the company among the customers. These brand images have positive effects on the customer purchase decision processes. Yadav and Pavlou (2014) further point out that CSR helps the companies to market their products. This marketing increases customer awareness about products in the market and helps the customers to avail a larger number of products according to the diverse needs. Thus, it can be inferred from the discussion that CSR has positive impacts on the consumers. They can gain knowledge about and consume a large variety of products to satisfy their needs. Servaes and Tamayo(2013) points out that CSR is very expensive and mostly the powerful multinational companies can afford to invest a lot of money towards social causes. They point that the CSR of the companies actually prove their financial strengths and advertises their brand value, which they have earned by offering high quality products. Thus CSR helps the consumers to differentiate between the products of same category having different qualities. It can be pointed out that leading multinational companies enjoy a global scale of consumer satisfaction and have elaborate CSR controlled by the apex management. Thus, in other words CSR helps consumers to recognise superior quality branded products, which maximise the value of their purchase. Rubio, Oubia, and Villaseor (2014) contradicts these two statements and claim that CSR does not benefit consumers all times. The companies in fact use their CSR to create positive brand image in the society. They often sell low quality products using their superior image and socially useful image. Thus, it can be inferred that CSR helps the companies to sell low quality products, which ultimately harms the consumers. Chong et al. (2017) supports this negative impacts of CSR on consumers and points out that CSR helps the business organisations to market their products. This marketing creates artificial needs among the consumers to consumer products which ultimately do not increase their convenience. Thus, CSR help companies create artificial demand and sel, products which do not help the consumers in the long run. Findings and Analysis: Theme NO. Theme Description Sources 1 Companies follow CSR and benefit the society (Jones and Felps 2013), (Tai and Chuang 2014), (Lozano, Carpenter and Huisingh 2015), (Lawrence and Weber 2014), (Lahiri and Dey(2013), (Rangan, Chase and Karim 2015) 2. Companies can use CSR to market their products by participating in philanthropic activities and become more visible to customers. (Hrisch, Freeman and Schaltegger 2014),(Bridoux and Stoelhorst 2014), 3. CSR helps the companies to promote themselves and their products. The customers become aware about a large variety of products which allow them to satisfy their diverse needs (Martnez and del Bosque 2013), (Henderson 2017), (Petrenko et al. 2016), (Grhan-Canli, Hayran and Sarial-Abi 2016), 4. CSR helps customers to differentiate superior products from inferior ones (Yadav and Pavlou 2014), (Servaes and Tamayo 2013), 5. Companies can use their CSR to market inferior quality products which harms the customers (Rubio, Oubia, and Villaseor 2014) 6 Companies market their products using CSR as platforms and create artificial demands among customers. Thus customers buy products which do not benefit them in reality (Chong et al.2017) Conclusion: The study conducted above has various aspects, which combine to form a concrete conclusion. First, corporate social responsibilities have important implications on both companies and consumers. The companies need to earn profits to sustain in the market and provide benefit to important stakeholders like employees and investors. They need to act legally to avoid legal penalties and actions. They should follow the law and not try to skirt it. The business organisations require to act ethically while conducting business operations so as to benefit all the stakeholders like customers, shareholders, governments and community as a whole. The business organisations require participating in philanthropic social development initiatives to ensure development of social groups like underprivileged people. The study also reveals that companies can use corporate social responsibilities to impact the customers both positively and negatively. The multinational corporations use the corporate social r esponsibilities to market their products before the customers. This makes consumers aware of large variety of products available in the market, which gives them the opportunities to purchase and consume these products. Thus, corporate social responsibilities allow customers to consume a large variety of products to meet their diverse needs and augment the values of their purchases. The CSR of the multinational companies act as assurances of high quality products, which allow the consumers, differentiate these products from low quality products of the same category available in the market. However, it is always true that CSR guarantees high product qualities. In fact, companies use their CSR to create a strong market image and take its advantage to sell their low quality products. Moreover, the companies often market their products using their CSR to create artificial demands among the consumers. This makes the consumers buy products, which actually do not benefit them. Thus, CSR has both positive and negative impacts on the consumers. Recommendations: The following recommendations can be made to the international companies like Woolworths in the light of the above discussion: Woolworths must give corporate social responsibilities more priority and work more responsibly towards the society. The international retail company is present in several countries and works with hundreds of supply chains. Its supply chains consist of both multinational companies and small producers. As far as the multinational producers are concerned, Woolworths can engage in social initiatives with these companies, which enhance the market image of both the companies. As far as the small producers are concerned, the international retail chain must purchase more products from them to bring about their financial development. It must not exploit them by paying less for their products by taking advantage of its international retail chain status. Woolworths must use its CSR to reach out to more people that are underprivileged and involve the richer segment of its customers in these initiatives. It must also collaborate with governments in their social initiatives. Collaboration with these stakeholders will help the CSR initiatives gain more support and improve the brand value of the retail chain. However, Woolworths must use strengthened brand image to provide customers with large variety of high quality products. As far as consumers are concerned, it can be recommended that they increase their awareness about products before buying them. They should not solely depend in marketing initiatives of companies like CSR to make purchase decisions. 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Unstructured decisions Essay Example

Unstructured decisions Paper Unstructured decision involved complex Situations, where the decisions are complicated and unknown. Where the decision maker rely heavily on the experience, judgment and knowledge for such decisions. As part of HSBC`s business strategy their top level management decided to continue giving subprime mortgage loans to the U. S customers. A subprime mortgage loan is a kind of loans which is offered to customers with poor credit history and low income. Though it was high risky HSBC continued with loans, not only that but also they begin buying up subprime loans from different sources like wholesale mortgage company and independent brokers and others banks. The housing boom and high competitions among the lenders influenced HSBC to make such decisions. Despite of being high risky the loan seems to be tempting because of their high interest which was source of higher revenue for HSBC. These decisions, which were unstructured, were made by top level management based on their judgment market evaluation risk analysis and others internal and external factors. Later on, to overcome the mortgage crisis HSBC made some decisions. They made some changes in their personnel and policies. They stop giving state income loans and increased the required FICO score for qualifying the loans. So all that top level management decisions lead to significant changes in HSBC. Semi-structure decisions: Where a number features can be shared with both the operational and strategic levels. IN the case of HSBC, In terms of purchasing pool of mortgages loan s from wholesaler the middle level management made some semi structure decision s which includes offering state income loans. We will write a custom essay sample on Unstructured decisions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unstructured decisions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unstructured decisions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer HSBC accepting the loans application based on their credit score and documentation like income level, occupation, job position etc. Middle level management made the above semi structure decisions by co-coordinating the decision of the top level management with the implementation by the operational management. Structured Decisions: Structured decision involved repeated and routine works that are managed using certain procedure by the operational management. In the case of HSBC, they decided to pursue subprime mortgage and to implement these, they set guidelines to the operational level management. The operational management approved the credit cards, loans and mortgages based on FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation of Minneapolis) score which is a credit rating institution. They accepted it as a reliable tool for sectioning loans to the customers. This sort of decisions was made by operational management which was structured decision that followed certain procedure. When deciding to pursue subprime mortgages they took some wrong decisions in their decision making process. In my opinion where in the decision making process HSBC went are described below. HSBC flipped some of the second-lien mortgages loans to others company and keep some as investment. HSBC predicted customers will continue the payments and they will earn revenue from the interest. But customers were unable to go on with their payments and that incurred losses to HSBC. In my opinion, HSBC failed to make proper market analysis that lead to wrong forecasting. When providing State income loans, HSBC relied on the information and documents supplied by the applicants. But ninety percentages of the applicants declared their income higher than their real income. Some people overstated their employment position. Therefore they got the loans more than they can afford. In my opinion they did not verified the information and documents of the customers and that was a mistake done by HSBC. When evaluating applicants for credit card, loans and fixed rate mortgages they relied on FICO credit score, but it was not proven as a reliable tool for approving second lien loans and mortgages. So in my opinion using the FICO scoring systems was a wrong decision.

How Do I Get Work as an Administrative Assistant

How Do I Get Work as an Administrative Assistant So youre looking to put your administrative, organizational and people skills to work as an administrative assistant? While there is no specific, set-in-stone path to a career as an administrative assistant, there are some things you can do to increase both your marketability and employability in this sought-after profession. Read on to learn what you need to know.What is an Administrative Assistant?Administrative assistants handle a number of different clerical and administrative tasks, ranging from scheduling appointments to organizing files. They can be found in all industries, including the corporate world, government entities, schools, hospitals, and legal and medical offices. They also work in a variety of capacities: some administrative assistants work for a single individual while others provide assistance to an entire department or office. While the majority of administrative assistants work in conventional office settings, the rise of digital technology has resulted in a ne w demand for virtual assistants who work remotely.Administrative assistants are currently in demand, and will continue to be so in the years ahead. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job openings will grow by 12 percent in the years between 20212 and 2022. An increase in job openings due to the retirement coming of age of the Baby Boomer generation is also expected to play a factor. And while technology may stand in for some duties traditionally handled by administrative assistants, theres no substitute for the personal element one more reason why the job market for these professionals is expected to remain strong.Another benefit of working as an administrative assistant? There is plenty of room for advancement. If you are successful in your career, you can advance to higher level administrative positions, such as executive administrative assistant and office manager. The 2012 median pay for an administrative assistant also sometimes called a secretary is $35,330 or $16 .99 hourly. As you develop more skills and take on new responsibilities, your earning potential will increase.How Do You Become an Administrative Assistant?Entry-level administrative assistants typically require a bachelors degree along with a basic grasp of office, computer and English grammar skills. Some candidates choose to enhance their skills by taking courses online or at local community colleges. Additionally, many temp agencies offer formal training in these requisite skills. While not required, qualifications such as the Certified Administrative Professional (CAP) certificate can help round out your resume.Other training may be procured on the job depending on the specific needs and procedures of the office. If you are working in a more specialized industry such as medicine or law, for example the training may be more intensive.In addition to hard skills, employees are also looking for a specific group of soft skills, including attention to detail, integrity, and the abi lity to interact well with others. Candidates with a combination of these hard and soft skills will likely enjoy the best job prospects.How To Find an Administrative Assistant JobGone are the days when youd have to spend hours scouring the paper looking for the perfect administrative assistant job. In fact, there are a number of different channels today through which to find work.Job boards have altered the landscape for modern-day job hunters for whom the search is now a matter of inputting some keywords and gaining access to immediate results. Others seeking employment as administrative assistants choose to post their resumes online for potential employers to find.Social networking is another new and beneficial way to job hunt. If you let your network of friends, family, and fellow community members know you are looking, you can extend your reach while increasing the odds of finding a fit in terms of company culture.The decision to become an administrative assistant is a promising one: according to the most recent figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are nearly four million jobs for administrative assistants. Sign up for our handy job match alert service to get a jump start on finding the perfect one.

Real fashion marketing campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real fashion marketing campaign - Essay Example The paper "Real fashion marketing campaign" concerns the success of the Nike company. Reebok and other rivals of Nike were getting the better of it in the late 1980s but after the Just Do It campaign everything changed significantly. The main idea of this campaign was to convince the consumers to accept sneakers as a fashion statement and that is precisely what they did. The new range of shoes became a fashion statement and almost everyone jumped on the bandwagon and the campaign became a huge success. A few years later Nike was quick to capitalize on the fitness and jogging craze, they rolled out merchandize which looked very attractive and sold like hot cakes. Aerobics was also gaining popularity and the top brass working for Nike was aware of it, the ad campaign never focused on the product, the sole focus was on the person wearing the merchandize and Nike recruited the best athletes to feature in their commercials. This was another reason for the mass popularity of the just do it campaign. â€Å"The â€Å"Just Do It† campaign received mixed ratings, ranging from â€Å"an instant classic† to â€Å"sociopathic.† One critic went so far as to say the ads were â€Å"an impatient bordering-on-contemptuous exhortation to the masses. Cool is one thing. Poverty of warmth is another.† Eventually the campaign was credited with embracing not just resolve and purpose, but also the â€Å"beauty, drama and moral uplift of sport—even, every now and then, fun.† Bo Jackson, John McEnroe, Michael Jordon were some of the athletes.

Meaning of life 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meaning of life 3 - Essay Example Contrarily, the incapability to acquire meaning in life causes distress, addiction, boredom, aggression and even depression. Now this is what brings us to what Frankl describes as the state of meaninglessness. Psychological responses to the worst experiences are never predetermined by any given circumstance, no-matter how strong or weak it is. Meaning of life comes from within an individual in spite of the existing despair. Personal responsibility is always the best way for an individual to gain meaning. And this is considered likely if the person does not surrender to negative mind-set of others and be true to him or herself. Frankl states that it is possible to be frequently exposed to death and misery of Auschwitz, yet still get a way of discovering meaning in this grief. Even while death seems to be unavoidable, Frankl thinks that individuals have the central capacity to reflect positively on the all the good things they have achieved in their entire lifetime and to put in perception the current meaning of their grief (Frankl, Viktor 87). When a fella apprehends that it is his destiny to suffer, he will have to consider his grief as his task; his only exceptional mission. And normally this is what is considered to be the state of meaninglessness. A person will have to live with the fact that even during suffering he is alone and experiences a unique situation in the universe. And that no other person is capable of relieving him or suffering for his or her sake. His or her unique opportunity depends on how he or she carries the burden. Frankl describes the diverse phases of psychological response that were common to all the prisoners. These stages are alleged to have ensued in a sequential way, from shock to apathy then to freedom readjustments. He states that he was able to witness the grace even in the worst case scenarios. Frankl quotes â€Å"we who stayed in the concentration camps can never

Strategic marketing management for Boots in the UK

Strategic marketing management for Boots in the UK Boots is a leading UK retailer, selling health and beauty products through its chain of Boots the Chemists stores. Around half the Boots brand products are developed and manufactured by the company. In this case the company is in control of the entire supply chain. From its foundation in 1849 Boots has always believed in and practiced what is today known as Corporate Social Responsibility. The company is proud of this heritage and its strong sense of social responsibility. Today it is reflected in values and behaviours and made explicit in the company statement of business purpose. We seek to respond to the legitimate concerns of our stakeholders whether they be in the marketplace, the workplace, the communities in which we operate or the environment that affects us all. Marketing Strategy Options. Boots is a member of Alliance Boots, an international pharmacy-led health and beauty group. Our purpose is to help our customers look and feel better than they ever thought possible. Our customers are at the heart of our business. Were committed to providing exceptional customer and patient care, be the first choice for pharmacy and healthcare, offer innovative products only at Boots, with great value our customers love. Our people are our strength and they tell us that Boots is a great place to work. We are always be the employer of choice, attracting and retaining the most talented and passionate people.The strategy is to focus on its two core business activities of pharmacy led health and beauty retailing and pharmaceutical wholesaling and distribution, while increasingly developing and internationalising our product brands to create a third dimension. growing the core businesses in existing markets,continuing to deliver productivity improvements and other cost savings,pursuing growth opportunities in selective new high growth markets and launching our product brands in new markets. This strategy is underpinned by our continue focus on patient or customer needs and services selective partnerships and our strong financial diciplines.we are commited to providing exceptional customer and patient care be the first choice for pharmacy and healthcare offer innovative products only at Boots,with great va lue our customer love. Pharmacy-led health and beauty strategy : Boots is the largest pharmacy chain in Europe with an excellent reputation for differentiated health and beauty products and customer care.Our strategy is to develop Boots into the worlds leading pharmacy-led health and beauty retail brand,focused on helping people look and feel their best. The key steps we are taking in the uk to execute our strategy are:- -Making Boots more convenient and accessible for our customers. -Developing our people to be at their very best for our customer -Improving our customer in store shopping experience -creating a compelling multi-channel health and wellbeing consumer offering -Increasingly differentiating our product offering -Continuing to provide customers with excellent value -Opening new stores in markets where Boots is already well established -Developing new store in markets where Boots is already well established -Developing country specific Boots branded trading formats to meet local needs. Marketing strategies options: Every marketing strategy is unique, but if we abstract from the individualizing details, each can be reduced into a generic marketing strategy. A brief description of the most common categorizing schemes is presented below, Strategies based on market dominance In this scheme, firms are classified based on their market share or dominance of an industry. There are a number of ways of categorizing these generic strategies. Typically there are four types of market dominance strategies: Leader Niche Follower Challenger Porter generic strategies: Michael Porter assessed strategy on the dimensions of strategic scope and strategic strength. Strategic scope refers to the breadth of market penetration while strategic strength refers to the firms sustainable competitive advantage. He felt three types were important: Market segmentation Product differentiation Cost leadership Innovation strategies:- This deal with the firms rate of new product development and business model innovation. It asks whether the company is on the cutting edge of technology and business innovation. There are three types: Close followers Late followers Pioneers Growth strategies:- In this scheme we ask the question, how should the firm grow? There are a number of different ways of answering that question, but the most common gives four answers: Diversification Intensification Vertical integration Horizontal integration Aggressiveness strategies: This asks whether a firm should grow or not, and if so, how fast. One scheme divides strategies into: Holding Building Harvesting Warfare based strategies: This scheme draws parallels between marketing strategies and military strategies. There are many types of marketing warfare strategies, but they can be grouped into: Flanking marketing warfare Defensive marketing warfare strategies Offensive marketing warfare strategies Keys to Success: An analysis of successful partnerships has identified common features. These include: Project delivery focused on addressing local requirements over a sustained period of time. Likely to include issues as varied as access, car parking, addition to their local Business Rate, to pay for additional services. Where there is a majority vote in favour, all businesses are required to pay. The genuine commitment of the Local Authority (both at senior officer and political level) Adequate funding identified from a broad base of supporters/ sponsors and other sources A Business Plan and a programme of projects endorsed and funded by the partners A robust, inclusive partnership that represents a genuine cross-section of all the elements of town centre activity. A management structure with clear accountabilities to deliver the Business Plan and to monitor and evaluate progress A realistic, achievable vision for the centre that identifies the necessary steps required for its delivery The precept is gathered by the Local Authority but passed to a business-led local partnership to manage and deliver the BID Business Plan. Support available from Alliance Boots, Corporate Affairs: 1. Links and contacts to a broad range of external organisations that can assist with sourcing information and practical support. 2. An additional programme is facilitated by Boots UK for those sites currently without an effective local partnership, but wishing to establish one 3. The Company continues to support the core funding of 100 Town Centre Management initiatives. A twice-yearly Induction Programme is provided by Boots UK (at no charge to ATCM members), for newly appointed Partnership Managers. The programme focuses on the key issues that challenge partnerships and offers help to successfully resolve them 4. A series of short briefing papers have been prepared that store managers and town centre managers can receive upon request. These include; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing a Retail Crime Partnership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participating in Working Groups and Steering Groups à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business Improvement Districts what are they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Influencing Car Park Provision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing Christmas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Business Improvement Districts lessons learnt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Preparing a Business Plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Broadening the Base of Business Engagement membership services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Funding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Marketing and Promotion. Launching an effective campaign to promote your centre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business Improvement Districts key criteria necessary for Alliance Boots support à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sunday/extended Trading hours 5. Advice and guidance to store managers and Town Centre Managers, via contact details on page one of this brief Development of Boots Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy: The launch in 2004 of a new CSR strategy has enabled Boots to develop a framework to integrate sustainable development holistically into all areas of operations covering the sectors of: Workplace Marketplace Community Environment This strategy ensures that sustainable development is integrated effectively across the organisation and underlines Boots commitment to social responsibility as a business value. Progress is reviewed quarterly and reported to the Corporate Social Responsibility Action Group chaired by the Group Operations Director. In addition the Board Social Responsibilities Committee chaired by a non-executive Board Director reviews consistency against operational planning on a quarterly basis. Within these sectors are a total of 21 focus areas. For each one a review was undertaken to benchmark against similar organisations, analyse strengths, weaknesses and identify opportunities for improvements. From this our ambition and annual targets have been developed Targets and progress made in meeting them is reported annually and made publicly available. Porters 5 forces analysis: Competitive rivalry All the other retailers have different competitive advantages. The other factors which compete with the Boots bank is different banks and building societies The retail market is filled up with high competitors as more and more companies are trying to step into the Health Beauty industry Boots reach in different stores allows it to reach large number of customers. Barriers for entry Local knowledge is required for a new business in order to establish, which is highly difficult for new firms to replicate. Barriers to entry is high due to a number of factors: Secondly, company in retail sectors are increasing, which itself means there is very less chance for any new entrances. Firstly, company looking to set up its business in UK requires lots of investment, brand development, which takes years to establish. Threats of Substitutes The only major threat of substitute is an internal industry threat, wherein one supermarket can lap up the business of other supermarkets. The threats for newcomers or substitutes is less, as the consumers views that as a necessity, especially in the developed world. The retail market is always trying to look around for new innovations with respect to Health Beauty products, alternative businesses. As a result of which it is difficult for substitution. Buyers power During the time of recession consumers wants are taken into more demand, thereby increasing their power. Because of the presence of too many competitors in the retail Health Beauty sector selling the same product, buyer power is high in the industry. Supplier power Suppliers in itself is huge company providing products to the supermarkets. If the products are not sold, consumer will shift loyalties, making suppliers more powerful. And also when the products do not reach the supermarket, sales do get affected hugely. Developing Tools and Processes: The company has formal processes for all new product development and introduction. To integrate sustainable development criteria consistently across our product range new and revised tools and processes were introduced. Mckinsey growth pyramid It is similar to that of market matrix. This model argues that business should develop their growth strategies based on: Growth skills Privileged assets Operational skills Privileged assets The model outlines seven ways of achieving growth, which are: New product and services A combination of market matrix and diversification strategy-by developing and marketing new products. Some of these can be sold to the existing customers who trust the business but new customers would require more persuasion. Existing products to new customers Taking the current customers as a base, the objective is to find entirely new products that these customers may buy, or else start to provide the products the existing customer is buying from the competitors. Existing products to existing customers The lowest-risk option; try to increase sales to the existing customers; which can be done by increasing the frequency of purchase and maintaining customer loyalty. New competitive arenas This option requires a business to think about opportunities to integrate vertically or consider whether the skills could be used in other industries. New geographies In this businesses are encouraged to consider new geographical areas into which to sell their products. Geographical expansions is one of the most powerful option for growth-but also one of the difficult ones. New delivery approaches This focuses on the use of distribution channels as a possible means of growth. Are there any ways in which the products can be sold using the current or new emerging channels which may boost sales? New industry structure It considers the possibility of acquiring troubled competitors which can be done through a general acquisition program. TASK2 MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Using of PESTEL analysis, marketing mix elements can be produced to contribute the goals and values of Boots, after analyzing the current marketing environment. PESTEL analysis: PESTEL ANALYSIS (Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal)The PESTEL analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business.. The PESTEL analysis headings are a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also, like SWOT analysis, and Porters Five Forces model, be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea. Its an external factor. PESTEL is used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. A PESTEL analysis is a business measurement tool. A PESTEL analysis measures a market; a SWOT analysis measures a business unit, a proposition or idea. Considering each factor individually :- Political European/international legislation international regulations government term and change regulatory bodies and processes current legislation home market government trading policies funding, grants and initiatives Economic The UK has been in recession since August 2009 with two successive quarters of decline , affecting the economical factors nationally and globally. general/ product specific taxation issues customer/end-user drivers overseas economies and trends home economy situation/ trends specific industry factors market routes and distribution trends Social Factors including the demographic changes, the way people live, work and think and cultural aspect of the place, affecting customer needs and the potential markets demographics consumer attitudes and opinions lifestyle trends advertising and publicit .media views consumer buying patterns brand, company, technology image ethnic/religious factors Technological It includes RD, computerization, technology incentives and rate at which technology changes. These changes affect the cost and quality of the product motivating for improvement. competing technology development research funding intellectual property issues consumer buying mechanisms/technology maturity of technology associated/dependent technologies manufacturing maturity and capacity technology access, licensing, patents replacement technology/solutions information and communications innovation potential technology access, licensing, patents technology legislation Environmental Boots uses the carbon foot printing tool in their farms which says about the total amount of greenhouse gases caused directly and indirectly in the making and transportation of that product climate Weather climate change .. Legal The cost of production and operation and effect on employees working in Boots was affected when government increased the labour wages by 15%. It also follows legal factors like no child labour, special consideration for disables ,etc. health and safety law employment law antitrust law discrimination law consumer law Globalisation:- After considering all the above factors Boots should put plan and put down proper strategies before entering the global market and also reviewing the progress on regular basis , so as to make the necessary changes. Following are the areas which should be consider by the organisation: Well planned Strategies to develop the profit and to attain long term goal Know clearly the goals , objectives and targets with a regular follow up. Organisation should identify and assess their product in the market need to plan strategically as well as operationally market growth using the PESTEL analysis. logic, self-discipline and to operate systematically SWOT analysis STRENGTHS Strengths Weaknesses Strong Brand Equity Low profitability Store Network Lack of International Presence Opportunities Threats Store expansions in UK Intense price competition Expanding product offerings High regulatory oversight WEAKNESSES Declining Reputation Boots is only presented in UK. Therefore there can be an issue if the company wants to have growth in the retailing Health Beauty Division sector. OPPORTUNITY Online sales are a great opportunity for future growth. Staff which works at Boots are essential buyers, administrators, systems designers, finance workers and so on all are part of the whole team that must work together to make things operate smoothly and efficiently Boots alternative business, investing in properties can have major growth in the future. THREATS As a result there needs to be investment related to environmental and green issues. Boots operations have become a topic on various issues like environmental, planning and other factors. Conclusion It is important to recognize that sustainable development is a journey of continual improvement. The processes and tools we have developed are under continual review and refinement. Some of our priorities for the immediate future include: Extending and adapting the risk assessment model for use in other business functions. Developing product sustainability benchmarking Building sustainable development criteria into brand and departmental key performance indicators. Understanding the climate change impacts of products. Developing strategies for consumer information on sustainable development issues. In short Boots UKs views sustainable development as a Holy Grail given the scale of the challenge, the complexity of our business and the pace of change. But we know that it is a key differential for Boots UK, that we are leading the way on many of the issues, and it is no less than what is expected of us by our customers and wider society. Journals/Magazines European Journal of Marketing (Emerald Group Publishing) Campaign ( Haymarket Publishing) Admap ( World Advertising Research Centre) Revolution ( Haynet) Journal of Consumer Behaviour ( Academy of Marketing Science) Marketing Intelligence and Planning (Emerald Group Publishing) Marketing Business (The Chartered Institute of Marketing Magazine) Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science ( Academy of Marketing Science) Marketing Week (Centure Communications Ltd) Websites http://www.boots-UK/Media/PDFs/CSR/2BCE_AWARDS_Paper_v3_general_release.pdf http://www.boots.com/en/Help/About-Boots.com/ http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt.PDF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis http://www.businesspme.com/uk/articles/marketing/6/Types-of-marketing-strategies.html http://www.chicagoexec.net/chicago.nsf http://www.boots-uk.com/Our_Group/Alliance_Boots_Board.aspx http://strategy-guide.blogspot.com/2006/03/mckinsey-growth-pyramid The Strategic Marketing Process